Summary of "Masa Orde Baru: Tritura, Supersemar, Kebijakan Politik Dalam Negri, dan Fusi Parpol | Part 1"

Main ideas / lessons (New Order era overview – Part 1)

Time span of the New Order (Orde Baru): said to last 1966–1998.
- Start (1966): President Soekarno issued an instruction letter to Lt. Gen. Soeharto to restore national security amid chaos.
- End (1998): Soeharto announced his resignation, marking the transition to the Reformasi era.
Background to the political crisis (late Guided Democracy era):
- The G30S PKI incident is presented as a key trigger of chaos in Indonesia (from late 1965 to early 1966).
- It involved the kidnapping and killing of several high-ranking army officers, associated with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
Student demands leading to political action (Tritura, Feb 1966):
- Students issued “Three Demands of the People” (Tritura), consisting of:
  1. Dissolve the PKI
  2. Clean the cabinet from PKI elements
  3. Lower prices
Creation of Supersemar (11 March 1966):
- The “Letter of Command” (Supersemar) is described as a milestone that:
  - authorized Soeharto to take security measures, and
  - is framed as enabling the transfer of power from Soekarno to Soeharto.
- Three generals are mentioned as messengers carrying the letter to Soeharto.
How Soeharto’s leadership role developed (timing details given in the subtitle):
- Soeharto’s formal path is described as not becoming president immediately in 1966, but progressing through roles:
  - Chairman of the Cabinet Presidium (around 1966–1967 while Soekarno was president)
  - Acting President (around 1967–1968)
  - President (1968–1998) after an MPRS session, giving the New Order a 32-year span (as stated).

Methodologies / policy “lists” and instructions (detailed)

A) Tritura (Three Demands of the People) — February 1966

Dissolve the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI)
Purge/clean the cabinet from PKI elements
Lower prices

B) Domestic political policies under the New Order (as enumerated)

Dissolution of the PKI
- Presented as a direct response to the earlier crisis (G30S PKI) and Soeharto’s actions after receiving Supersemar.
Ban on communist teachings
- Mentioned as later codified in MPRS Decree No. 25 (1966).
Formation of cabinets
- At least two cabinet phases are described:
  - Ampera Cabinet (1966–1968)
  - Development Cabinets (1968–1998), split into 7 stages:
    - Development Cabinet 1: 1968–1973
    - Development Cabinet 2: 1973–1978
    - Development Cabinet 3: 1978–1983
    - Development Cabinet 4: 1983–1988
    - Development Cabinet 5: 1988–1993
    - Development Cabinet 6: 1993–1998
    - Development Cabinet 7: March 1998–May 1998 (only two months; linked to Soeharto’s resignation on 21 May 1998)
Elections
- The subtitle claims six elections occurred during the New Order:
  - 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997
- Electoral format changes are described:
  - 1971: multi-party concept—9 political parties + 1 functional group (Golkar/Karya)
  - 1977–1997: described as 3 contestants: 2 parties + 1 functional group, with the two parties:
    - United Development Party (PPP)
    - Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI)
Political party “fusion” (merger of parties)
- Presented as a New Order policy intended to create political stability that supports economic growth.
- Resulting parties and their origins (as stated):
  - PPP (United Development Party):
    - Result of fusion of Islamic parties (subtitle says 4 Islamic parties merged).
    - Components listed:
      - Nahdlatul Ulama
      - Indonesian Islamic Union
      - Islamic Education Association
      - Indonesian Muslim Party
  - PDI (Indonesian Democratic Party):
    - Result of fusion of 5 nationalist parties.
    - Components listed: the subtitle references parties including TNI and Parki (as transcribed), plus Catholic Party (and it says “five nationalist parties” total).
ABRI “Dual Function” (Dwifungsi ABRI)
- Defined in the subtitle as ABRI involvement not only in defense/security but also in socio-political life.
- Examples given:
  - Socio: military personnel involvement in rural life; facilitating/supporting farmers (agricultural sector)
  - Political/executive: ABRI officers appointed as regional heads (mayor/regent/governor) and can be appointed as ministers
  - Legislative: formation of an ABRI faction in DPR/MPR
“Sole principle of Pancasila” (asas tunggal Pancasila)
- Presented as officially implemented in 1985.
- The rule described: political/social organizations must use Pancasila as their basis and may not use principles outside Pancasila.

Overall structure of the video content (what it covers)

Starts with: definition of the New Order timeline
Moves to: cause of crisis (G30S PKI)
Leads to: student demands (Tritura) in Feb 1966
Then: Supersemar (11 March 1966) and its role as a milestone
Finally: domestic political policies during the New Order:
- PKI dissolution
- ban on communism
- cabinets
- elections/party fusion
- ABRI dual function
- Pancasila sole principle
Ends by previewing that the next discussion will cover other factors (and likely further policy areas).

Speakers / sources featured

Speaker in the subtitles:
- Andi (host / history tutor) — “Andi, history tutor.id”
Historical figures / sources mentioned (not as on-screen speakers):
- President Soekarno
- Lieutenant General Soeharto
- Three generals named as Supersemar messengers:
  - Haji Amir Mahmud (as transcribed)
  - Haji Yusuf (as transcribed)
  - Basuki Rahmat (as transcribed)
- MPRS (institution), including:
  - MPRS Decree No. 25 (1966)
  - an MPRS session referenced for Soeharto’s presidency