Summary of "English Class - Active and Passive Voice"

Converting active‑voice sentences into passive voice

In the active voice, the subject performs the action (the doer) and the object receives it.
In the passive voice, the object becomes the grammatical subject and receives the action.
The original subject (the agent) becomes optional; it can be expressed with a “by …” phrase or omitted when it is unknown, irrelevant, or obvious.

The passive is formed by combining:

The agent (original subject) is optional and often left out.

Identify the active‑voice sentence parts:
- Subject (doer)
- Verb
- Object (receiver)
Move the object of the active sentence into the subject position of the new (passive) sentence.
Choose the correct form of the auxiliary verb be to match the tense/aspect of the original verb:
- present simple → is / are
- past simple → was / were
- present perfect → has/have been
- modals → modal + be (e.g., can be, should be)
- etc.
Use the past participle (third form) of the main verb after the chosen form of be.
Optionally add the original subject as an agent with “by …” if you want to state the doer; otherwise omit it.
Check that the new subject (the original object) is the receiver of the action — passive voice emphasizes the receiver, not the doer.

Note: The “by the teacher” part is optional and can be omitted.

Omitting the auxiliary be or using the wrong tense of be.
Failing to use the past participle of the main verb.
Leaving the original subject in its active position instead of making it an optional agent.