Summary of How to Draw Lewis Structures: Five Easy Steps
Steps to Draw Lewis Structures:
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Calculate Total Valence Electrons:
- Use the Periodic Table to determine the number of valence electrons for each element.
- Sum the valence electrons, accounting for any subscripts or charge (e.g., for H₂O: 2 from H and 6 from O = 8 total; for CN⁻: 4 from C, 5 from N, plus 1 for the negative charge = 10 total).
- Identify the Central Atom:
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Draw Bonds:
- Place pairs of electrons between the central atom and surrounding atoms to represent chemical bonds.
- Example: For HCl, place 2 electrons between H and Cl to show they are bonded.
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Complete the Octets:
- Ensure that the surrounding atoms have full outer shells (octets) using the remaining valence electrons.
- Hydrogen needs only 2 electrons, while other atoms need 8.
- Example: In HCl, Chlorine gets 6 additional electrons to complete its octet.
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Form Double or Triple Bonds if Necessary:
- If octets are not complete after using all valence electrons, move some electrons from surrounding atoms to form double or triple bonds.
- Example: For O₂, if one Oxygen has only 6 electrons after bonding, share electrons to create a double bond, ensuring both Oxygens have complete octets.
Tips for Mastering Lewis Structures:
- Familiarize yourself with the steps as a guide.
- Practice regularly to develop proficiency.
- Utilize additional resources, such as links provided in the video or the creator's website, for further learning.
Contributors:
- Dr. B.
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