Summary of "ВСЕ ПРЕДЛОГИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЗА 15 МИНУТ"

Summary of the Video “ВСЕ ПРЕДЛОГИ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЗА 15 МИНУТ”

The video is a concise English lesson focused on teaching prepositions and conjunctions, explaining their meanings, uses, and differences, especially for Russian speakers. The instructor, Zubeir, uses clear examples and comparisons to Russian to help learners understand how these parts of speech function in English.

Main Ideas and Concepts

1. Introduction to Prepositions and Conjunctions

Language learning is compared to building a house: words are bricks, grammar is the foundation, and prepositions/conjunctions are the solution (mortar) that connects words.
Prepositions and conjunctions are essential to link words and phrases meaningfully.

2. Basic Conjunctions (“Unions”)

And — соединяет слова и предложения Example: I speak English and Spanish.
But — означает “но” или “кроме” Example: I speak all European languages except French.
Or — означает “или” Example: You can go with me or with Sasha.
Of — a unique preposition not present in Russian, pronounced as /v/, shows possession or relationship Example: the economy of China, the United States of America.

3. Key Prepositions and Their Uses

To
- Indicates direction or destination (answers “where to?”) Example: I go to America.
- Also means “in order to” when explaining purpose Example: I went to Japan to see Mount Fuji.
With / Without
- With = вместе с Example: I went to Japan with Sasha.
- Without = без Example: I went to Japan without Misha.
For
- Means “для” или “за” Example: Can you do this for me?
From
- Indicates origin Example: I am from Grozny.

4. Prepositions Indicating Proximity and Position

Next to — immediately beside something Example: The hospital is next to the school.
Near — close but not necessarily immediately adjacent Example: I live near here.
Close to — similar to near, but can also mean emotionally close Example: Misha is my close friend.

5. Cause and Effect Prepositions/Conjunctions

Because — объясняет причину Example: I am learning English because I want to travel.
Because of — используется с существительными Example: I can’t sleep because of you.
So — означает “поэтому” или “так что” Example: I wanted to see Fuji, so I went to Japan.
That’s why — аналогично “so,” but longer and less natural.

6. Spatial Prepositions

Above / Below — выше / ниже Example: The picture is above the bed; temperature is 2 degrees below zero.
Behind / In front of — позади / перед Example: They are behind us; You are in front of me.
To the right / To the left — направо / налево.
Between — между двумя объектами Example: I live between two mountains.
Among — среди Example: I live among students.
Through / Over / Via — все могут означать “через,” но в разных контекстах Examples:
- The tunnel goes through the mountain.
- Fly over the sea.
- Travel via Dubai.
By — используется для способа передвижения и для указания автора Examples:
- I travel by sea.
- Crime and Punishment by Dostoevsky.

7. Temporal Prepositions: After and Before

After — после чего-то Example: After 2 years I moved to Italy.
Before — до чего-то Example: We played football before the class.
Note: “After” is generally not used when talking about the future.

8. Prepositions of Time and Place: At, On, In (Antonina’s Rule / Triangle Rule)

These three prepositions can all translate as “in,” but their usage depends on the scale of time or place.

Time:

At — smallest intervals (hours) Example: at 6 o’clock.
On — medium intervals (days) Example: on Monday.
In — largest intervals (months, years, seasons) Examples: in March, in 1997, in summer.

Exceptions:

Use in for morning, afternoon, evening Example: in the morning.
Use at for night Example: at night.

Place:

At — smallest places (buildings, cafes, airports) Example: at the hospital.
On — streets or surfaces Example: on Baker Street.
In — largest places (cities, countries) Examples: in Moscow, in America.

Additional notes:

“On the street” means on a specific street; “outside” means simply not inside.

Detailed Methodology / Instructional Points

Understand that conjunctions connect words or clauses, while prepositions show relationships between words, especially spatial, temporal, or causal.
Use the conjunctions and, but, or to connect ideas.
Use of to show possession or relationship.
Use to to indicate direction or purpose.
Use with and without to show accompaniment or absence.
Use for to express benefit or purpose.
Use from to indicate origin.
Use spatial prepositions like next to, near, close to, above, below, behind, in front of, between, among to describe positions.
Use through, over, via, by to describe movement or means.
Use after and before to talk about sequences in time, but avoid “after” for future events.
Apply Antonina’s Rule (triangle rule) for at, on, in based on the scale of time or place:
- Smallest (hours/buildings) = at
- Medium (days/streets) = on
- Largest (months, years, cities, countries) = in
Remember exceptions for time expressions (at night, in the morning).
Distinguish between “on the street” (specific street) and “outside” (not inside).

Speaker / Source

Zubeir — English teacher since 2016, multilingual speaker, instructor of this lesson.

This summary captures the core teaching points and examples from the video, providing a clear overview of English prepositions and conjunctions for learners, especially Russian speakers.