Manifest DESTINY [APUSH Review Unit 5 Topic 2] Period 5: 1844-1877

Summary of "Manifest Destiny [APUSH Review Unit 5 Topic 2] Period 5: 1844-1877"

Main Ideas and Concepts:

• Westward Expansion:
  • Westward expansion was a significant driving force in American history from the late 18th century to the mid-19th century.
  • Initially focused on areas west of the Atlantic Coast, it included the Ohio River Valley and the Louisiana Purchase.
• Manifest Destiny:
  • Coined by journalist John O’Sullivan in July 1845, Manifest Destiny is the belief that Americans have a God-given right to expand across the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.
  • O’Sullivan emphasized that this expansion was ordained by Providence (God).
• Reasons for Westward Movement:
  • Economic Opportunities:
    • The discovery of gold in California in 1848 sparked the California Gold Rush, leading to a massive migration westward.
    • The Preemption Acts made land affordable for settlers, encouraging homesteading.
  • Religious Refuge:
    • Groups like the Mormons migrated to the Utah Territory seeking refuge from persecution, particularly due to their practices.
• Political Implications:
  • The election of James K. Polk in 1844 was significantly influenced by the idea of Manifest Destiny.
  • Polk aimed to annex Texas and Oregon, reflecting the national sentiment towards expansion.
• Texas and Oregon Territories:
  • Texas:
    • American settlers in Texas, originally part of Mexico, revolted against Mexican authority, leading to Texas declaring independence in 1836.
    • The annexation of Texas by the U.S. was contentious and led to tensions with Mexico.
  • Oregon:
    • Both the U.S. and Britain claimed the Oregon Territory, leading to negotiations that resulted in the territory being divided at the 49th parallel under Polk's administration.

Methodology/Instructions:

• Understand the significance of westward expansion and Manifest Destiny in shaping American history.
• Recognize key events and figures, such as:
  • John O’Sullivan and the term "Manifest Destiny."
  • James K. Polk's presidency and his expansionist policies.
  • The Texas Revolution and the Oregon dispute.
• Connect the economic, social, and political motivations behind the movement westward.

Featured Speakers/Sources:

• Heimler’s History (Presenter)
• John O’Sullivan (historical figure referenced)
• James K. Polk (historical figure referenced)
• Sam Houston (historical figure referenced)