Summary of ENZYMES (2/2) - Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
Summary
The video discusses the factors affecting the rate at which enzymes catalyze reactions, focusing on Substrate Concentration, Temperature, pH, and additional regulatory mechanisms.
Key Scientific Concepts and Discoveries
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity:
- Substrate Concentration:
- At low concentrations, enzymes are inactive, waiting for substrates.
- At high concentrations, Enzyme Activity saturates, as all enzymes are engaged.
- Temperature:
- Enzyme Activity increases with Temperature up to an optimal range.
- High temperatures can lead to denaturation, decreasing activity.
- pH:
- Substrate Concentration:
- Cellular Control of Enzymatic Activity:
- Cells can regulate Enzyme Activity through post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and glycosylation.
- Different organs produce specific enzymes tailored to their functions.
- Inhibitors and Activators:
- Activators: Substances that increase enzymatic activity.
- Inhibitors: Substances that decrease enzymatic activity, which can be:
- Reversible Inhibitors:
- Competitive: Compete with substrates for the active site.
- Non-competitive: Bind to allosteric sites, affecting Enzyme Activity regardless of substrate presence.
- Uncompetitive: Bind only to enzyme-substrate complexes, preventing product release.
- Irreversible Inhibitors: Form covalent bonds with enzymes, permanently reducing active enzyme concentration.
- Reversible Inhibitors:
Methodology
- Understanding Enzyme Kinetics involves analyzing:
- Changes in Substrate Concentration and their effect on Enzyme Activity.
- The influence of Temperature and pH on enzyme structure and function.
- The role of various Inhibitors and Activators in regulating Enzyme Activity.
Featured Researchers or Sources
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Notable Quotes
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Category
Science and Nature