Summary of "Complete Disaster Management for UPSC CSE in 1 video | Marathon session for UPSC | PWOnlyIAS"

Summary of Main Ideas, Concepts, and Lessons

The session is conducted by Deependra Dhingra from PW Only IAS.
It covers Disaster Management comprehensively for UPSC CSE, focusing on GS Paper 3.
Disaster Management is a small but broad topic with many types of disasters and management strategies.
The session is divided thematically into four major themes:
1. Basic concepts and definitions of Disaster Management.
2. India’s initiatives and policies on Disaster Management.
3. Disaster Management cycle.
4. Management of specific disasters.
The video aims to equip aspirants to answer questions easily, including 10 and 15 mark questions.
Acronyms and mnemonic devices (e.g., PM’s 10-point agenda as “LISTENER”) are used to simplify complex information.
Aspirants are encouraged to complete the session in one go due to its concise and focused nature.

Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society causing widespread human, material, economic, and environmental losses.
Losses exceed the affected community’s ability to cope using its own resources.
Disasters are not acts of God or nature alone but acts of society due to vulnerability and lack of coping capacity.
Hazards are natural events with potential to cause harm but may not always result in disasters.
Difference between hazard and disaster:
- Hazard: Potential event causing harm (not certain).
- Disaster: Hazard event causing actual harm and loss.

Earlier, disasters were seen as acts of God.
Shifted to acts of nature with post-Disaster Management focus.
Now understood as acts of society, emphasizing vulnerability and risk reduction.
This paradigm shift affects policy and management approaches.

Hazard: Natural or anthropogenic event with potential to cause harm.
Vulnerability: Extent to which a community or structure is susceptible to harm.
- Economic
- Physical (material assets, infrastructure)
- Social (social institutions, marginalized groups)
- Attitudinal (community awareness and behavior)
- Environmental (impact on flora, fauna, wetlands)
Risk: Expected losses from hazard, calculated as a function of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure.
Exposure: Degree to which a community or assets are exposed to hazards.
Formulae:
- Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability × Exposure
- Disaster = Hazard × Vulnerability / Capacity

Avoid or reduce losses.
Assure response and assistance to victims.
Achieve rapid and effective recovery.
Summarized as Triple A (Avoid, Assure, Achieve) or Triple R (Reduce, Respond, Recover) approach.

From reactive (post-disaster relief) to proactive (risk reduction and preparedness).
Emphasis on hazard zonation, vulnerability analysis, capacity building.
Shift from ad hoc and compartmentalized approaches to organized, integrated, multi-hazard, and risk reduction-centric approaches.
Disaster risk reduction focuses on mitigating hazards and reducing vulnerability.

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): Apex body for policy formulation, planning, guidelines, coordination.
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) and District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) for decentralized implementation.
National Executive Committee (NEC): Chaired by Union Home Secretary, assists NDMA.
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): Specialized paramilitary force for disaster response.
National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM): Training and capacity building.
Cabinet Committee on Security and National Crisis Management Committee: Top-level decision-making and coordination.
Ministry of Home Affairs acts as nodal ministry for overall coordination.

Lack of adequate financial and human resources.
Poor implementation and enforcement of policies at state and local levels.
Lack of coordination among various agencies.
Predominantly top-down approach; need to strengthen bottom-up and community-based Disaster Management.
Limited capacity building at