Summary of "TUTORIAL CÓMO REDACTAR el PLANTEAMIENTO del PROBLEMA (PROYECTO de INVESTIGACIÓN)"

Summary of the Video

“TUTORIAL CÓMO REDACTAR el PLANTEAMIENTO del PROBLEMA (PROYECTO de INVESTIGACIÓN)”

This tutorial is the third in a series aimed at guiding students, particularly engineering students, on how to prepare a research project efficiently. The focus of this video is on how to write the problem statement (“planteamiento del problema”) of a research project.

Main Ideas and Concepts

Context: The video builds on previous tutorials where the research topic was chosen and delimited. The example topic used here is bullying and prevention strategies at a specific high school (José Martí preparatory school, morning shift, city of Puebla).
Purpose of the Problem Statement: To clearly define the research problem in a structured and logical way that justifies the need for the study.
Methodology for Writing the Problem Statement: The problem statement should be written deductively, moving from the general to the particular. This means describing the problem at multiple levels:
1. Global level (international context)
2. Regional level (e.g., Latin America)
3. National level (e.g., Mexico)
4. Local level (e.g., state, municipality, or specific school)
Length and Adaptation: The length of the problem statement varies by university requirements (from 2 to 6 pages typically). The tutorial’s example is about six pages but students should adapt to their institution’s guidelines.
Use of Reliable Sources: It is important to support the problem statement with data and information from reliable sources and institutions such as:
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- National statistics institutes (e.g., INEGI in Mexico)
- Specialist authors and academic studies on the topic
Content to Include in the Problem Statement: The problem statement should incorporate:
- Description of the problem at all levels (global to local)
- Causes of the problem
- How the problem manifests and evolves
- Effects and consequences of the problem
- Future implications if the problem is not addressed
- Statistical data and figures to support the problem’s significance (e.g., suicide rates related to bullying)
Example of Specific Local Problem: The video highlights a particular case at the José Martí High School where bullying affects students, and teachers often do not intervene, leading to concerns from parents and the community.
Next Steps: The video concludes by mentioning that the next tutorial will cover how to write research questions, including the central question, general question, and complementary questions.

Detailed Methodology / Instructions for Writing the Problem Statement

Choose and delimit your research topic (done in previous videos).
Write the problem statement deductively, from general to particular:
- Start at the global level describing the broad context of the problem.
- Narrow down to the regional level (e.g., Latin America).
- Then specify the national level (e.g., Mexico).
- Finally, focus on the local level (e.g., state, municipality, school).
Use reliable sources at each level to provide evidence and data.
Describe the problem’s causes, manifestations, evolution, and effects.
Include statistical data and figures to justify the importance of the problem.
Highlight the specific case or context where the research will be conducted.
Close the problem statement by emphasizing the problem’s urgency and relevance.
Prepare to formulate research questions based on this problem statement (to be covered in the next tutorial).

Speakers / Sources Featured

Main Speaker: The tutorial presenter (unnamed) who addresses the audience directly and explains the methodology step-by-step.
Referenced Institutions and Authors:
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- European Union
- National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, Mexico)
- National Survey on Discrimination (Mexico)
- Authors mentioned: Avilés, Quilín Berman, Gastón (experts on bullying and related phenomena like cyberbullying and sexting)

Summary

The video provides a clear, structured approach to writing the problem statement for a research project by moving from a broad international context to a specific local case, supported by reliable data and sources. It emphasizes the importance of justifying the research problem through evidence and prepares the viewer for the next step: formulating research questions.