Summary of "Sucedió en el Perú (TV Perú) - Incas rebeldes - 16/07/2018"
Summary of "Sucedió en el Perú (TV Perú) - Incas rebeldes - 16/07/2018"
This documentary explores the prolonged indigenous resistance against the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, emphasizing that the fall of the Incas was not sealed with the capture and death of Atahualpa at Cajamarca in 1532 but continued for nearly 40 years, primarily centered in Cusco and later Vilcabamba.
Main Ideas and Concepts
- Initial Conquest and Indigenous Resistance:
- The capture of Atahualpa in 1532 was a catastrophic event for the Incas but a divine miracle for the Spaniards.
- The conquest was facilitated by Spanish alliances with ethnic groups hostile to the Incas, such as the Cañaris and Huancas.
- Atahualpa offered a massive ransom (room filled with gold and silver) for his freedom, which Pizarro accepted, but Atahualpa was eventually executed in 1533.
- After Atahualpa’s death, indigenous resistance intensified rather than ended.
- Spanish Alliances and Loot Distribution:
- The Spanish distributed the enormous ransom and loot according to participation and rank.
- Spanish forces used native allies strategically to maintain control.
- Puppet Incas were installed to legitimize Spanish rule, including Tupac Huallpa and later one-armed Inca Yupanqui (Manco Inca).
- Manco Inca’s Rebellion (1536-1538):
- Manco Inca initially cooperated with Spaniards but soon realized they were mortal and driven by greed.
- He led a major rebellion, laying siege to Cusco and Lima with thousands of Inca warriors.
- The siege of Cusco involved fierce battles, including the heroic defense by Spanish forces aided by native allies hostile to the Incas.
- The siege of Lima was similarly intense but failed after the death of Inca general Tito Yupanqui.
- Guerrilla Warfare and Vilcabamba:
- After defeat in Cusco, Manco Inca retreated to Vilcabamba, establishing a small independent Inca state.
- Vilcabamba became a center of resistance for about eight years.
- Manco Inca was assassinated in 1544 by Spaniards, marking a significant blow to the rebellion.
- Fragmentation and Collaboration:
- Internal divisions among the Incas led some, like Paulo Inca, to ally with the Spanish.
- Two Incas existed simultaneously: the rebel Manco Inca and the Spanish-backed Paulo Inca.
- Later Resistance and Decline:
- Manco Inca’s successors continued resistance, notably Tupac Amaru I, who maintained guerrilla warfare for about a decade.
- Tupac Amaru I signed a peace treaty (Treaty of Acobamba) in 1566 but was poisoned in 1571.
- His brother, Tupac Amaru II, later led a famous rebellion in 1781.
- Final Conquest and Execution of Tupac Amaru:
- Viceroy Francisco de Toledo led a campaign to end the Vilcabamba resistance.
- Tupac Amaru, the last Inca ruler of Vilcabamba, was captured, publicly executed in Cusco in 1572.
- His execution was controversial and reportedly not authorized by the Spanish crown.
- The death of Tupac Amaru marked the end of organized Inca resistance.
- Legacy and Myth:
- After Tupac Amaru’s death, a myth arose that he would return as a savior figure to restore order.
- The story symbolizes the heroic but ultimately tragic resistance of the Incas against Spanish colonization.
Detailed Bullet Points of Key Events and Lessons
- Conquest and Initial Contact:
- Spanish Control and Puppet Incas:
- Installation of puppet rulers (Tupac Huallpa, then Manco Inca).
- Spanish looting of Cusco’s temples and palaces.
- Foundation of Spanish cities: Cusco (1534), Jauja, later Lima.
- Manco Inca’s Rebellion:
- Initial cooperation turned to rebellion due to Spanish abuses.
- Siege of Cusco (1536): simultaneous attacks with thousands of Inca warriors.
- Spanish defense aided by indigenous allies hostile to Incas.
- Death of Juan Pizarro during battles.
- Heroic suicide of Inca warrior Cahuide to avoid capture.
- Siege of Lima:
- Led by Tito Yupanqui.
- Approximately 25
Category
Educational
