Summary of "Возрастная психология: кризис новорожденности, младенчество, кризис 1 года жизни"

Summary of “Возрастная психология: кризис новорожденности, младенчество, кризис 1 года жизни”

This video explores early stages of personality development in infants, focusing on the crises that occur from birth through the first year of life. It discusses the biological and psychological transformations newborns undergo, the development of communication and motor skills, and the social-emotional challenges that mark these critical periods.

Main Ideas and Concepts

  1. Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Age Stages The video builds on a previous introduction to developmental psychology, focusing on age-related personality development stages and the crises that arise during transitions between these stages.

  2. Crisis of the Newborn (Neonatal Crisis)

    • Occurs immediately at birth, marking a critical and difficult transition.
    • Physiological challenges include compression of anatomical structures (especially the head and brain cells) and the initiation of breathing with the first cry.
    • The newborn shifts from a biological maturation phase to social development, entering a social environment.
    • Early difficulties include establishing sleep-wake rhythms.

  3. Revival Complex (2-3 months) Emotional-motor reactions emerge: sound, movement, focused gaze, and smiling. This signals the infant’s initial engagement with the external world and the beginning of personality development.

  4. Infancy Period (Birth to ~1 year)

    • Leading activity: emotional communication with adults (primarily the mother).
    • Central psychological development: formation of individual mental life and social interaction.
    • The infant is highly receptive, absorbing impressions to build an understanding of self and environment.
    • The adult-child relationship is symbiotic, with the adult guiding the child’s social development.

  5. Stages of Communication Development

    • Direct communication (simple interaction).
    • Communication for its own sake.
    • Communication about objects (joint adult-child activities involving objects).

  6. Motor Development Milestones

    • 2-3 months: slight rolling.
    • 3-4 months: reaching and grasping toys.
    • 5-6 months: sitting without support.
    • 6 months: transferring weight to legs.
    • 7-8 months: stomach and knee poses, standing in crib.
    • 9-10 months: beginning to walk.
    • 12-13 months: standing and walking independently.
    • Delays beyond 6-7 months in sitting up may indicate developmental issues.

  7. Perception and Sensory Development

    • 1 month: turns head/eyes to sounds, follows objects.
    • 2 months: recognizes speech sounds, two-color vision.
    • 3 months: binocular peripheral vision.
    • 4 months: associates mother’s voice with face.
    • 5 months: distinguishes object constancy and orientation.
    • 12 months: recognizes objects by touch. These changes facilitate interaction with the environment and prepare for crawling.

  8. Memory and Attention Memory functions as imprinting and recognition based on sensations and perceptions. Attention is involuntary, short-lived, and begins to develop concentration.

  9. Crisis of the First Year (~12 months)

    • Child becomes aware of self as separate from adults.
    • Walking emerges as a critical development, expanding the child’s interaction space.
    • First words and rapid speech development occur:
      • 1 month: separate sounds
      • 3 months: cooing
      • 6 months: babbling
      • 8 months: autonomous speech
      • 12 months: use of basic grammatical forms
    • Emotional reactions intensify (protest, discontent, crying) due to undeveloped inhibitory control.
    • The crisis centers on the child’s assertion of independence and separation from adult symbiosis.
    • This period is crucial for developing basic trust or mistrust depending on the environment.

  10. Social Situation of Development The child and adult form a unified system during infancy. The adult acts as a guide into the social world. Social development is marked by increasing independence and communication complexity.

  11. Future Content and Engagement The presenter plans to cover further developmental crises in subsequent videos. Viewers are encouraged to share impressions and experiences related to child development.

Methodology / Developmental Milestones and Instructions

Speakers / Sources Featured

The video appears to feature a single primary speaker, likely a developmental psychologist or educator, who guides the viewer through the theoretical and practical aspects of infant developmental psychology. No other speakers or external sources are explicitly mentioned.

End of Summary

Category ?

Educational

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