Summary of "Domain and Range Functions & Graphs - Linear, Quadratic, Rational, Logarithmic & Square Root"

Main Ideas and Concepts

Definitions:
- Domain: The set of all possible x-values for which a function is defined.
- Range: The set of all possible y-values that a function can output.
Finding Domain and Range from Graphs:
- Linear Functions: The domain is typically all real numbers, and the range is also all real numbers.
- Quadratic Functions: The domain is all real numbers, while the range depends on the vertex (minimum or maximum value).
- Rational Functions: Identify Vertical Asymptotes (where the function is undefined) to determine the domain. The range may also be restricted by Horizontal Asymptotes.
- Logarithmic Functions: The domain is restricted to values greater than zero, while the range is all real numbers.
- Square Root Functions: The domain is limited to non-negative values under the radical, while the range starts from zero and extends to positive infinity.
Key Points for Specific Functions:
- Vertical Asymptotes: Remove these values from the domain.
- Horizontal Asymptotes: Remove these values from the range.
- Open vs. Closed Circles: Use parentheses for open circles (not included) and brackets for closed circles (included).
Methodology for Finding Domain and Range:
- For Polynomials: The domain is always all real numbers. The range depends on the leading coefficient.
- For Rational Functions:
  - Set the denominator to zero to find Vertical Asymptotes.
  - Analyze the behavior of the function to find Horizontal Asymptotes.
- For Square Roots: Set the inside of the radical greater than or equal to zero to find the domain.
- For Logarithmic Functions: Set the inside of the logarithm greater than zero for the domain.
Transformations: Understand how shifts and reflections affect the domain and range of functions.

Detailed Methodology and Instructions

Finding Domain:
- Identify any restrictions (e.g., denominators that cannot be zero, values that make a square root negative).
- Use inequalities to determine valid x-values.
Finding Range:
- Analyze the graph to determine the lowest and highest points.
- Consider asymptotic behavior and critical points (like maximums and minimums).

Examples Provided

The video includes multiple examples demonstrating how to find the domain and range for various functions, including linear, quadratic, rational, logarithmic, and Square Root Functions.