Summary of Lecture 02 Basic Concepts of Networking part I ETHICAL HACKING || IIT KHARAGPUR ||NPTEL COURSE

Summary of Lecture 02: Basic Concepts of Networking in Ethical Hacking

Main Ideas and Concepts:

• Purpose of Computer Networks:
  • Computer networks enable communication between various computing devices, including gadgets and equipment, facilitating better connectivity and resource sharing.
  • They support applications like cloud computing and social networking.
• Types of Computer Networks:
  • Local Area Networks (LAN):
    • Connect devices over a small geographical area (e.g., same room or building).
    • Fast and cost-effective, commonly utilizing Ethernet standards.
  • Wide Area Networks (WAN):
    • Connect devices over large distances (e.g., cities, countries, continents).
    • Generally slower and more expensive due to ongoing service provider costs.
• Data Communication Techniques:
  • Circuit Switching:
    • Establishes a dedicated communication path between sender and receiver.
    • Involves three steps: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination.
    • Advantages include guaranteed bandwidth and maximum speed during transfer.
    • Drawbacks include inefficient bandwidth utilization due to reserved channels and initial connection delay.
  • Packet Switching:
    • Data is broken into smaller packets for transmission, allowing for shared use of network resources.
    • Utilizes a "store and forward" concept where packets are temporarily stored in buffers at intermediate nodes.
    • Each packet is independently routed based on its destination, using routing tables.
    • Advantages include better link utilization and suitability for bursty data traffic.
    • Drawbacks include no guaranteed bandwidth and potential delays during high traffic.
• Packet Transmission Approaches:
  • Virtual Circuits:
    • A fixed path is established for packet transmission, similar to Circuit Switching but without dedicated links.
    • Each packet carries a virtual circuit number for routing.
    • Drawbacks include lack of dynamic routing and adaptability to network conditions.
  • Datagrams:
    • An alternative approach to be discussed in the next lecture, which addresses some limitations of virtual circuits.

Methodology/Instructions:

• Circuit Switching Steps:
  • Connection Establishment: Create a dedicated path before data transmission.
  • Data Transfer: Transmit data using the established path with guaranteed bandwidth.
  • Connection Termination: Release the reserved resources after communication.
• Packet Switching Steps:
  • Message Segmentation: Break the message into packets.
  • Header Addition: Add destination and routing information to each packet.
  • Transmission: Send packets individually through the network.
  • Store and Forward: Temporarily store packets at intermediate nodes before forwarding.

Speakers/Sources:

• The lecture is presented by a faculty member from IIT Kharagpur as part of the NPTEL course on Ethical Hacking.

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