Summary of Characteristics of Life

Characteristics of Life (DOG RACE)

DNA: All living things contain DNA, which is the genetic material that determines traits.
Organized: Living organisms are organized in a way that allows them to function efficiently for survival.
Grow and Develop: Organisms grow (increase in size) and develop (change in form) over time.
Reproduce: Living things can reproduce either asexually (cloning) or sexually (involving two parents), passing on traits to offspring.
Adapt and Respond: Organisms can adapt to their environment and respond to changes.
Cells: All living organisms are made of cells, which are the basic units of life.
Energy: Living organisms need energy to sustain metabolic processes.

DNA Structure: DNA was discovered to have a double helix structure in 1953 and is composed of repeating parts.
Cell Organization: Cells have specialized parts (organelles) that perform specific functions necessary for survival.
Growth and Development: Examples include the development of a zygote into a multicellular organism and the metamorphosis of butterflies and frogs.
Reproduction:
- Asexual Reproduction: Involves one parent and results in genetically identical offspring (e.g., binary fission in bacteria, budding in hydras).
- Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents and results in genetic variation among offspring, which is beneficial for survival against diseases.
Adaptation and Evolution: Organisms adapt to their environments (e.g., the peppered moth's color change due to industrial pollution) and can evolve over time.
Cell Types: Organisms can be unicellular (one cell) or multicellular (many cells).
Energy Use: Organisms are either autotrophs (producers that make their own energy) or heterotrophs (consumers that obtain energy from other sources). Energy is used for metabolism and maintaining homeostasis, which is the stable internal environment necessary for proper functioning.