Summary of "RUTE PELAYARAN PORTUGIS MENUJU NUSANTARA"

This video, presented by Group 1 (Ela Indah, Lupita Fitri, Sana Sitompul, Nova Wulansari, and Andi Frizzi Manalu), explains the Portuguese maritime route to the Indonesian archipelago (Nusantara) and the historical context behind their exploration and arrival.

Main Ideas and Concepts

Background and Motivation for Portuguese Exploration:
- The Portuguese aimed to find spices and pursue the "3G" goals: Gold, Glory, and Gospel (wealth, fame, and spreading Christianity).
- Portugal was the first European country to enter Indonesia.
Key Explorers and Their Contributions:
- Bartholomeus Diaz:
  - Appointed by King John II in 1486 to find a new trade route by sailing around the southern tip of Africa.
  - Departed Lisbon in August 1487.
  - Discovered the Cape of Good Hope (initially called "Badai").
  - Planted a stone pillar (padrao) to mark Portuguese presence.
  - Reached the Cape of Good Hope on March 12, 1488, but turned back due to low food supplies.
- Vasco de Gama:
  - A skilled sailor who followed Diaz’s route.
  - Sent by King John II to secure sea trade routes to India.
  - Departed Lisbon in July 1497 with 4 ships and 170 crew.
  - Reached the Cape of Good Hope on November 22, 1497.
  - Stopped in Mozambique, a Muslim-controlled area, and with local navigator help, crossed the Indian Ocean.
  - Arrived in Calicut, India, on May 20, 1498, an important trading city.
  - Returned to Portugal in August 1498 with spices.
Portuguese Expansion in Southeast Asia:
- After Vasco de Gama, Alfonso de Albuquerque took over Portuguese missions.
- Tasked initially with freeing Portuguese captives in Malacca.
- Led a force of 900 Portuguese soldiers and 2,000 mercenaries.
- Successfully conquered Malacca.
- Targeted Maluku next, established relations with the ruler of Ternate.
- Secured the coveted spices from Maluku.
Decline of Portuguese Influence:
- Portuguese control in Indonesia declined due to:
- Arrival of stronger colonial powers, particularly the Dutch.
- Rejection and resistance from local populations in certain regions.

Methodology / Sequence of Portuguese Exploration and Expansion

Initial Exploration:
- Diaz’s expedition around southern Africa to find a new route.
- Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope.
Route to India:
- Vasco de Gama follows Diaz’s route.
- Stops in Mozambique, crosses Indian Ocean.
- Reaches Calicut, India, securing trade access.
Expansion to Southeast Asia:
- Alfonso de Albuquerque’s military campaigns.
- Conquest of Malacca.
- Establishment of alliances in Maluku.
- Acquisition of spices.
Decline and Withdrawal:
- Portuguese power wanes due to stronger European rivals.
- Local resistance contributes to Portuguese retreat.

Speakers / Sources Featured

Group 1 Presenters:

Ela Indah
Lupita Fitri
Sana Sitompul
Nova Wulansari
Andi Frizzi Manalu

This summary captures the historical narrative of Portuguese exploration routes, key figures involved, their objectives, achievements, and eventual decline in the Indonesian region.