Summary of "Top 120 Rules of English Grammar | English for Bank Exams By Santosh Ray"
Summary of “Top 120 Rules of English Grammar | English for Bank Exams By Santosh Ray”
Overview
This extensive masterclass by Santosh Ray covers 120 important English grammar rules tailored especially for competitive exams like banking, SSC, and other state-level exams. The session is designed to help learners grasp essential grammar concepts, practice effectively, and improve their English proficiency for exams.
Main Ideas and Concepts
1. Subject-Verb Agreement
- Singular subjects take singular verbs (add -s, -es).
- Plural subjects take plural verbs (remove -s).
- Includes examples with collective nouns, phrases joined by prepositions, and complex subjects.
- Special attention to subjects joined by nor, neither, either, each, every, any, none, one of, etc.
- Rule of proximity: Verb agrees with the nearest subject when subjects are joined by and or or.
2. Use of Singular and Plural Nouns
- Some nouns are always plural (e.g., scissors, trousers, spectacles, fireworks, police, cattle, data).
- Some nouns are always singular and uncountable (e.g., advice, information, furniture, jewellery, poetry).
- Units of measurement (dozen, score, pair) are singular when preceded by numbers.
- Collective nouns and their verb agreement.
3. Verb Tenses
- Use Simple Past Tense with adverbs of past time (e.g., yesterday, last night).
- Use Present Perfect Tense with words like recently, lately, already, never, ever, so far, since, for, until, up till.
- Perfect Continuous Tense for actions started in the past and continuing.
- Uniformity of tense in sentences is essential.
- Rule of inversion with negative adverbs (e.g., hardly, scarcely, never).
4. Pronouns and Cases
- Use subjective case pronouns after positive degree comparisons (e.g., as smart as I).
- Use objective case pronouns after prepositions like between, let.
- Order of personal pronouns in sentences: 2nd person, 3rd person, then 1st person (You, He/She, I).
- Singular pronouns with singular verbs and plural pronouns with plural verbs.
5. Comparison Rules
- Comparisons must be made between equal objects.
- Avoid double comparatives (e.g., more better is wrong; use better).
- Use -er for comparing qualities between two different persons.
- Use more + positive degree adjective when comparing qualities within the same person.
6. Expressions and Prepositions
- Certain expressions require gerunds (verb + ing) after prepositions (e.g., addicted to, committed to, dedicated to, look forward to).
- After adjectives, use infinitive (to + verb), not gerunds.
- Correct use of beside (meaning next to) vs besides (meaning in addition to).
- Avoid using both and as well as together; use both… and instead.
7. Special Grammar Rules
- Rule of double negatives: Avoid using two negatives in one sentence.
- Rule of inversion after negative adverbs at the beginning of sentences.
- Use of enough with nouns and adjectives.
- Use of not only… but also, neither… nor, either… or with correct verb agreement.
- Rule of proximity in subject-verb agreement when subjects are joined by and.
- Correct use of no less than, including, along with, etc., where verb agrees with the first subject.
8. Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using plural verbs with singular collective nouns.
- Incorrect pronoun cases after prepositions.
- Misuse of gerunds and infinitives.
- Incorrect comparison forms.
- Confusing singular/plural noun-verb agreement with compound subjects.
9. Practice and Resources
- Emphasis on daily practice with English Edge and Vocab Express platforms.
- Availability of printed and eBooks with codes for discounts.
- Regular editorial and English practice classes at specific times.
- Importance of revising rules and practicing with exercises.
Methodology / Instructional Approach
- Explanation of each rule with multiple examples.
- Highlighting common errors made in exams.
- Step-by-step breakdown of complex grammar structures.
- Encouragement to pause and re-watch difficult sections.
- Integration of practice questions after every 4-5 rules.
- Use of real exam-like sentences for better understanding.
- Emphasis on memorization and application of rules.
- Promotion of supplementary materials (books, apps) for practice.
Key Instructional Points (Sample Rules)
- Rule 1: Singular subject + singular verb; plural subject + plural verb.
- Rule 2: With words like each, every, neither, either, use singular verb even if followed by plural nouns.
- Rule 3: When two nouns are joined by a preposition, verb agrees with the first noun.
- Rule 4: Nouns like scissors, trousers, police are always plural and take plural verbs.
- Rule 5: Use present perfect tense with recently, already, never, ever, so far.
- Rule 6: Use inversion with negative adverbs at the start of sentences (e.g., Hardly had I reached…).
- Rule 7: Use correct pronoun cases after prepositions like between (objective case).
- Rule 8: Avoid double comparatives; use better, not more better.
- Rule 9: Use infinitive after adjectives, not gerund.
- Rule 10: Maintain uniform tense throughout a sentence.
- Rule 11: Use correct verb agreement with compound subjects joined by nor, neither, either, not only… but also.
Speakers / Sources
- Santosh Ray – Primary speaker and instructor throughout the video.
Conclusion
This video is a comprehensive guide covering foundational and advanced English grammar rules crucial for competitive exams. Santosh Ray explains each rule in detail with examples, common pitfalls, and exam-oriented tips. The session also encourages consistent practice through recommended resources and provides discount codes for study materials. It is essential for aspirants to save the video and accompanying PDFs for revision and exam preparation.
Note: The video is lengthy and detailed; learners are advised to watch it in parts, pause for notes, and practice regularly to master the 120 rules effectively.
Category
Educational
