Summary of "Praktikum 2 - Lifting & Moving"

Main ideas / lessons conveyed

• Purpose of lifting & moving: In disaster or accident situations, move the patient to prevent further injury to the victim and to avoid harming the rescuers.

• When to move: Move the patient only when the current position is unstable/unsafe, such as:

  • near rubble/ruins (earthquake, potential aftershocks or falling debris)
  • near hazards like fire or collapsed structures
  • in unsafe environments (e.g., highway/edge of a cliff; risk from passing vehicles)

• Core principle: Assess first, then act. Rescuers should not be reckless—poor transfers by untrained helpers can worsen injuries.

• Safety-first rule: Before lifting/moving, ensure:

  • Rescuer safety (PPE, safe location)
  • Victim safety (avoid hazards; don’t cause falls or worsen airway/neck/spine risks)
  • Environmental safety (traffic, unstable ground, hazards around the scene)

• Determine feasibility & need for assistance:

  • assess accessibility and the patient’s condition (e.g., suspected major injury, fractures, heavy trauma)
  • consider whether rescuers can lift/handle the patient given obstacles
  • decide if it’s an emergency transfer or non-emergency move
  • call for reinforcements/appropriate services if you can’t do it alone (examples mentioned: ambulance 118, local services/security)

• Communication with the patient: If the patient is awake, explain movements beforehand and coordinate actions to avoid confusion and incorrect handling.

• Stabilize before moving: If the patient is not stable:
  • provide immediate first aid first (e.g., CPR if needed)
  • if CPR can’t be performed safely where the patient is, move only to the nearest better area to continue care
  • manage bleeding/fractures before transport when possible (e.g., pressure bandage, splinting)

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Methodology / instruction set

1) Pre-move “initial assessment” (do not rush)

Do not panic or immediately lift. Assess three areas:

• A. Rescuer/self assessment

  • confirm you are positioned safely (e.g., not near collapsing structures)
  • use personal protective equipment as needed (especially for bleeding)

• B. Victim assessment

  • confirm whether the current location/position is dangerous (e.g., risk of falling)
  • check if the patient can be accessed and whether lifting would cause further harm

• C. Environment assessment

  • check hazards such as traffic, cliff edges, fire, flood/unstable areas, overturned vehicles, collapsing debris

Also assess obstacles and whether the team can remove the patient without causing extra harm.

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2) Decide: emergency move vs non-emergency move

• Emergency move (fast)

  • use when the situation is life-threatening or time-critical, such as:
    • fire
    • collapsed buildings
    • storms/floods
    • patient in dangerous moving water
    • extreme threatening conditions
  • use quick techniques and whatever tools are available

• Non-emergency move (planned, slower)

  • use when there is no immediate life-threatening danger
  • stabilize the patient first (e.g., treat bleeding, protect suspected injuries)

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3) Command structure & team coordination

• Avoid working without unified direction

  • ensure there is one leader/one command
  • prevent mismatched timing (e.g., one rescuer lifting while another isn’t ready)

• If working alone is impossible:

  • call for help / reinforcements
  • use a leader (possibly the most competent responder at the moment)

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4) Planning before lifting

Create an action plan before movement, including:

• how many rescuers will participate (example: “four of us”)
• which technique will be used
• what tools will be needed (e.g., stretcher, cervical collar, bandage/splint)
• what steps will occur in what order
• role assignments (e.g., head/neck guard, body handler, legs handler)

Use signals/commands to ensure coordinated timing.

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5) Ergonomics / safe lifting mechanics (how to lift correctly)

• Avoid bending and loading your back
• Lift using legs/joint-centered mechanics, not back strain:
  • keep weight on/near the thighs and flexor muscles, not on the spine/back
• Keep your body as close as possible to the patient to reduce torque and injury risk.
• If possible, use assistive devices to reduce strain:
  • stretchers
  • board/backboard
  • improvised supports (sarong, bedsheets, large clothes)
• General rule: slide/support the patient on equipment rather than pulling directly by the body.

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Techniques and tools mentioned

Emergency move techniques

• Shirt drag

  • used when the patient is reachable and immediate removal is needed
  • pull using the patient’s shirt with straight arms, continuing until past the ears
  • described as helping protect the neck area during the drag

• Blanket/sheet drag

  • requires two people
  • tilt the patient left/right to place the blanket underneath
  • after placing the blanket, pull from the head-side area while protecting the neck

• Shoulder/arm drag (noted as possible for one person)

  • pull by the shoulder region rather than the shirt

• Firefighter carry

  • used for passing through hazards like fire areas or unsafe collapsed zones
  • involves carrying the patient in a controlled posture (lecture mentions kneeling position as a scenario consideration)

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Non-emergency move techniques (stabilized, planned)

• Three-person technique (phases)

  • roles: head, body, legs
  • lifting sequence:
    • first lift to the thigh
    • bring closer to the body
    • lift again upward and move per commands
  • emphasize full wrap/hug of the patient’s torso sides to prevent rolling

• Two-person “lock roll” style positioning/rolling

  • used when positioning is unclear or needs alignment to an anatomical/supine position
  • key elements:
    • one person guards the cervical/neck area
    • interlocking hands between rescuers
    • move/tile in the correct synchronized direction
    • (warning: inconsistent directions can cause dangerous head turning opposite the body)

• Applying a cervical collar / collar stabilization

  • protect the neck/head first
  • remove the helmet carefully (if applicable)
  • then apply the collar (described as measured/adjusted)

• Backboard/spine board placement

  • protect cervical area first
  • place long board under/along the patient after repositioning
  • secure the patient with straps/belts so they don’t roll
  • lifting described as from right/left sides while supporting thighs/flexor areas

• Safety accessories

  • seat belt/straps tied to the board to prevent falling/rolling
  • pillows or cloth tied to protect head/side stability if tools aren’t available

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Specific tools referenced (what they’re for)

• Stretcher

  • used to move/transport the patient over safe distances
  • lecture distinguishes “movement” vs evacuation use
  • described as placing under the patient and sliding/pulling using the device

• Scoop stretcher

  • for moving short distances to a safer location
  • described as not an evacuation tool
  • split into two parts (mentioned)

• Spine boards

  • Long spine board
    • for suspected spine/vertebral injury and when stabilization over length is needed
  • Short spine board
    • shorter version used with/adjacent to long board per scenario
  • also mentioned: neck stabilization devices
    • cervical collar (neck collar / collar)
    • “Polarnet” (likely neck stabilization equipment per the lecture)

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Ending / overall takeaway

• The lecture’s main theme is to avoid causing additional injury by following:
  • safety assessment
  • stabilization
  • unified command
  • ergonomic lifting
  • appropriate tools/techniques depending on whether the situation is emergency or non-emergency

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Speakers / sources featured

• “Doc” / instructor (unnamed) — main speaker throughout, leading the lecture and directing demonstrations.

Category

Educational

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