Summary of "Diébédo Francis Kéré"

Summary of Diébédo Francis Kéré’s Presentation and Discussion

Key Themes and Concepts

Critique of Modernity and Colonial Legacy Kéré criticizes the blind adoption of Western architectural models in African cities like Ouagadougou, which often do not suit local climates or social realities. He highlights the problem of copying structures without understanding their origins or relevance, leading to unsustainable urban growth that consumes valuable land and resources.

Rootedness in Local Traditions and Materials Emphasizing his village origins, Kéré advocates for architecture inspired by African vernacular traditions, particularly earthen construction methods. He stresses the importance of involving local communities in building processes, which creates ownership, reduces costs, and ensures maintenance and sustainability.

Community Participation and Social Engagement His projects heavily involve community members of all ages and genders, including elders (regarded as wise), women, and youth, who participate actively in construction and decision-making. This participatory approach fosters pride and responsibility for the built environment.

Use of Local Materials and Techniques - Earth (compressed earth blocks - BTC) mixed with small amounts of cement for durability and affordability. - Stone foundations and walls made on-site. - Corrugated iron roofs combined with traditional roofing techniques like double roofs for insulation. - Rainwater harvesting and natural ventilation systems integrated into designs to cope with hot climates and water scarcity. - Innovative use of recycled materials, e.g., cutting up old buses for flooring in Mali.

Architectural Innovations - Ventilation systems that cool classrooms by evaporative cooling and filtering dust. - Earth treated to behave like concrete for stronger, multi-story buildings. - Integration of green spaces and tree planting to create oases and improve microclimates. - Use of large water jars on roofs for natural light and heat release.

Educational and Health Infrastructure Kéré’s work includes schools, clinics, and social centers designed to be functional, affordable, and culturally relevant. He emphasizes the importance of quality education and vocational training, particularly for masons, to sustain the architectural tradition and create local employment.

Challenges and Realities - Limited government funding and support; most projects initiated independently or through NGOs. - Difficulty maintaining quality in BTC production and construction due to lack of training and infrastructure. - Resistance from communities initially skeptical about earthen architecture as “modern” or durable. - The need for balancing tradition and innovation to meet contemporary needs and aesthetics. - The challenge of scaling projects in urban dense environments and adapting earthen architecture accordingly.

International Work and Recognition Kéré has worked on projects beyond Burkina Faso, including Mali (Opera Village in Bamako), South Africa, Germany (International Red Cross Museum in Geneva), and China (Biennale curator and pavilion). His international projects maintain a focus on local materials, community involvement, and sustainability.

Philosophy and Vision - Architecture as a social and cultural act that must educate and inspire. - Emphasis on long-term thinking: educating people is the foundation for sustainable development. - Modernity is defined not by style but by functionality, sustainability, and social impact. - Openness to material experimentation and pragmatism over dogmatism. - Commitment to quality, even with limited resources.

Artistic Techniques, Concepts, and Creative Processes Highlighted

Techniques & Materials - Compressed earth blocks (BTC) stabilized with cement. - Rammed earth and earth treated like concrete for durability. - Stone foundations and walls made from local materials. - Double roofing systems for thermal insulation. - Use of recycled materials (e.g., bus parts for flooring). - Rainwater harvesting integrated into building design. - Natural ventilation systems based on evaporative cooling and dust filtration. - Use of large water jars on roofs for light and heat release.

Creative Processes - Community co-construction involving women, men, elders, and youth. - Engaging local cultural practices and knowledge (e.g., elders as “living libraries”). - Adapting traditional African architectural forms (e.g., Timbuktu mosque inspiration). - Iterative design process with on-site testing (e.g., vault spanning 9 meters tested by villagers). - Incorporating local aesthetics and color preferences democratically decided by community. - Flexibility in material use based on availability and context. - Balancing modern techniques with vernacular knowledge.

Steps in Project Development 1. Identifying community needs (schools, clinics, social centers). 2. Securing funding through NGOs, international partners, or personal networks. 3. Community engagement and participation in design and construction. 4. Training local masons and workers in earth construction techniques. 5. Using simple, locally available tools and materials. 6. Testing and adapting construction methods for durability and climate suitability. 7. Incorporating sustainable features like rainwater harvesting and ventilation. 8. Expanding projects based on success and community demand.

Advice and Insights - Do not blindly copy Western architecture; adapt to local climate and culture. - Involve the community to ensure ownership and sustainability. - Use local materials to reduce costs and environmental impact. - Combine tradition with innovation to meet modern needs. - Education and vocational training are key to sustaining architectural practices. - Quality and aesthetics are essential to convince clients and communities. - Be pragmatic and flexible with materials and methods. - Persistence is necessary despite bureaucratic and financial challenges. - Architecture should be socially responsible and inspire future generations.

Creators and Contributors Featured

Diébédo Francis Kéré – Architect and speaker, central figure presenting his work and philosophy.
Christophe – Collaborator on the Opera Village project (last project of a dying artist).
Aga Khan Foundation – Funders of multiple projects in Mali and elsewhere.
German Panne (likely referring to German Bauhaus or architectural education in Germany) – Where Kéré studied architecture.
Various community members in Burkina Faso and Mali – Including women, elders, youth, and masons who participate in building.
Interviewers and audience members – Various architects, students, and professionals who ask questions and engage in dialogue.
Julien – Filmmaker documenting the university workshop project.
Romaric Architectes – Young architect and president of the Africa Architecture association, posed questions.
Filippi Man Habitat – Teacher at Camondo school, engaged in discussion.
Other international partners and institutions – Including those in Germany, South Africa, China, Saudi Arabia, and the United States.

This summary captures the essence of Diébédo Francis Kéré’s presentation, his architectural philosophy, techniques, community-driven processes, challenges faced, and his international work and recognition.