Summary of "Enfermería U2 C2 3"

Summary of “Enfermería U2 C2 3”

This video lesson from the Dutin Academy nursing course focuses on asepsis and antisepsis techniques essential for providing safe and effective care in healthcare settings. It covers the theoretical concepts, principles, and practical procedures related to biosecurity, hand hygiene, cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of biomedical materials.

Main Ideas and Concepts

Biosecurity: A set of norms and procedures aimed at controlling risk factors, preventing new impacts, and reducing exposure to harmful biological agents during healthcare.
Asepsis vs. Antisepsis:
- Asepsis: Procedures that prevent the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into an environment (e.g., hand washing, barrier techniques, routine cleaning).
- Antisepsis: Procedures designed to inhibit or destroy potentially pathogenic microorganisms using biocides (e.g., chlorhexidine, hydroalcoholic gels).
Principles of Asepsis and Antisepsis:
- Always move from the most sterile to the most contaminated areas.
- Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling sterile objects.
- Everything above the waist is considered clean.
- Differentiate between “dirty” (may require cleaning/disinfection) and “contaminated” (requires sterilization or disposal).
Levels of Microorganism Removal:
- Cleaning: Removal of visible dirt and superficial contaminants using agents like chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, or quaternary ammonium compounds.
- Disinfection: Use of chemical agents (e.g., alcohol-based solutions) to reduce or eliminate microorganisms on surfaces or instruments.
- Sterilization: Complete destruction of all microorganisms using physical methods such as autoclaving (high temperature and steam).

Methodologies and Procedures

1. Hand Washing (WHO 11-step method)

Wet hands with water.
Apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces.
Rub palms together.
Rub right palm over back of left hand with fingers interlaced; repeat vice versa.
Rub palms together with fingers interlaced.
Rub back of fingers against opposite palm with fingers locked.
Rub thumb rotationally clasped in opposite palm; repeat for both thumbs.
Rub fingertips rotationally on opposite palm; repeat for both hands.
Rinse hands with water.
Dry with disposable towel.
Use towel to turn off tap.
Hands are now safe.

Note: When using hydroalcoholic gels, skip steps 2, 9, 10, and 11.

2. Cleaning of Workspace (e.g., medication counter)

Put on clean gloves.
Remove all objects from the workspace.
Use a dry disposable cloth to remove visible dirt.
Spray quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant evenly.
Wait the manufacturer’s recommended time.
Wipe off disinfectant with a second disposable cloth using one-way strokes.
Repeat wiping until surface is clean and safe.
Follow product-specific rinsing instructions if applicable.

3. Disinfection of Biomedical Elements (e.g., trays, thermometers)

Moisten the object with water.
Apply quaternary ammonium compound using a disposable cloth with vigorous rubbing.
Rinse with water to remove soap.
Dry with a new disposable cloth using one-way strokes.
Object is ready for use.

4. Sterilization Using Autoclave (e.g., Kelly forceps)

Manually clean and disinfect instruments with chlorine-based compounds, quaternary ammonium, hydrogen peroxide, and alcohol solutions using a brush.
Wear PPE (apron, gloves, glasses).
Dry instruments, preferably with compressed air.
Inspect and verify instrument condition.
Pack instruments in autoclave-compatible materials (e.g., surgical cloth).
Label packages with instrument name, quantity, and sterilization date.
Include a chemical indicator inside the package to verify sterilization.
Place package in autoclave and run the scheduled cycle.
Remove instruments with thermal gloves to avoid burns.
Store or vacuum-pack sterilized instruments as per protocol.

Key Lessons

Asepsis and antisepsis are critical to preventing the transmission of pathogens and ensuring patient safety.
Proper hand hygiene is fundamental and must be performed systematically.
Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are distinct but complementary steps in infection control.
Use of PPE and adherence to protocols protects both healthcare workers and patients.
Understanding and applying these techniques reduces biological risk in clinical practice.

Speakers / Sources Featured

Narrator/Instructor: Unnamed instructor from Dutin Academy nursing course.
Referenced Authority: World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on hand hygiene.
Personal Testimony: Narrator shares a clinical experience related to infection prevention.

This summary encapsulates the educational content and practical guidance provided in the video, emphasizing the importance of aseptic and antiseptic techniques in nursing care.