Summary of "قراءة روشتات التحاليل الطبيه المحاضرة (4)"
Summary of "قراءة روشتات التحاليل الطبيه المحاضرة (4)" (Reading Medical Test Prescriptions Lecture 4)
This lecture is the fourth in a series on medical laboratory analysis, focusing on understanding and interpreting medical test prescriptions (roshatat). It serves as a comprehensive summary of the previous three lectures and aims to clarify key concepts, test conditions, sample types, and practical lab procedures related to common medical tests.
Main Ideas and Concepts
- Course Context:
- This is the fourth lecture in a medical analysis course.
- Links to previous lectures and exams are provided for those who want to catch up.
- The lecture includes an important exam.
- Purpose of the Lecture:
- To summarize and consolidate knowledge from previous lectures.
- To explain how to read and understand common laboratory test prescriptions.
- To clarify the conditions under which tests are performed and the types of samples required.
- General Advice:
- Always inquire about the patient’s medical history before conducting tests.
- Understand why certain tests are ordered (e.g., blood thinning for surgery or heart conditions).
- Pay attention to the order of blood collection tubes to ensure accurate test results.
Detailed Methodology and Instructions
- Understanding Common Tests and Their Abbreviations:
- CBC (Complete Blood Count): Measures blood cells; requires whole blood.
- PT and PTT: Blood coagulation tests related to blood thinning.
- Liver Function Tests: GOT, GPT, ALT, AST (all indicate liver health).
- Kidney Function Tests: Urea and Creatinine.
- Inflammation Markers: CRP, Procalcitonin, interleukin-6 (advanced inflammation and sepsis markers).
- Blood Sugar Tests: Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post-fasting blood sugar.
- Test Conditions:
- Most tests do not require special preparation.
- Fasting Blood Sugar: Patient must fast for 6-8 hours (preferably 8), only water allowed.
- After fasting blood sugar is drawn, patient should eat and then wait two hours before the post-fasting blood sugar sample is taken.
- Always confirm if the patient is on blood thinners or other medications affecting results.
- Sample Collection and Tube Order:
- Follow a strict order when drawing blood samples to avoid contamination or clotting issues.
- Typical order of tubes:
- Mix tubes gently after collection to prevent clotting.
- Collect sufficient volume of blood (around 5-10 ml) to allow for repeats or additional tests.
- Special Notes on Tests:
- Blood type and CBC can be done from the same sample in smaller labs; larger labs may require separate tubes.
- Inflammation tests like Procalcitonin and interleukin-6 are more sensitive than CRP and indicate severe bacterial infections (sepsis).
- Viral screening tests (HCV, HBV, HIV) are urgent for patients undergoing surgery.
- Laboratory Practical Tips:
- Serum samples require clotting before centrifugation.
- Plasma samples (from tubes with anticoagulants) are used when clotting must be prevented.
- Timing between sample collection and analysis is important, especially for glucose tests.
- Some tests are only available in larger, well-equipped labs.
Summary of Tests Covered and Their Requirements
Test/Group Purpose Sample Type Special Conditions CBC (Complete Blood Count) Blood cell counts Whole blood (EDTA) None PT, PTT Blood coagulation Sodium citrate tube None, but check for blood thinners Liver Function (GOT, GPT, ALT, AST) Liver health Serum (red top) None Urea, Creatinine Kidney function Serum None Fasting Blood Sugar Blood glucose level Fluoride tube 8-hour fast, water allowed Post-fasting Blood Sugar Blood glucose after eating Fluoride tube 2 hours after eating CRP, Procalcitonin, IL-6 Inflammation and infection Serum None Viral Markers (HCV, HBV, HIV) Viral screening Serum Urgent for surgery patientsCategory
Educational
