Summary of "Filsafat Ilmu | Pengantar Aksiologi (Estetika)"

Main Ideas / Concepts

Axiology (the study of values)

• Axiology is a branch of philosophy concerned with values.
• Origin of the term: From Greek axios/axia, meaning value.
• Meaning in philosophy: The study of values and valuations/assessments.
• Axiology focuses on two major types of value:
  • Ethics: values of good and bad
  • Aesthetics: values of beauty

Aesthetics (common modern understanding)

• Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that discusses the principles of beauty.
• Beauty is discussed as appearing in:
  • Natural phenomena
  • Objects categorized as works of art
• Common aesthetic debates include:
  • What counts as beautiful
  • Whether beauty is objective (exists in reality) or subjective (depends on human perception)

Aesthetics from the “root” of the word (etymological perspective)

• The word aesthetics (via English) is connected to Ancient Greek roots related to perceiving.
• This “perception” refers to sensory perception through the five senses:
  • seeing
  • hearing
  • touching
  • tasting
  • smelling
• As a result, aesthetics is not limited to pleasant experiences (“beautiful”).
• It also includes unpleasant sensory experiences, such as:
  • disgusting
  • repulsive
  • frightening/scary sensations

Aesthetics is broader than beauty—even in art

• Example: horror-genre artworks (books, music, paintings, films, etc.).
• Even if beauty-related elements appear (e.g., color composition, layout, typography, illustration choices), they may be used to:
  • construct the audience’s perception
  • of something scary or frightening
• Key lesson: aesthetics is not only about presenting beauty; it also shapes perception—often including negative or emotionally charged sensory effects.

Why beauty still dominates

• Although aesthetics includes all sensory perceptions, people often rank perceptions on a spectrum:
  • from least/worst to most/most beautiful
• This tendency makes aesthetics seem dominated by the study of beauty, even though its scope is broader.

Methodology / Approach (Conceptual)

• No procedural, step-by-step methodology is provided.
• The approach is conceptual:
  • Start from the axiology framework (values → ethics vs. aesthetics)
  • Define aesthetics in modern terms (primarily beauty)
  • Re-examine aesthetics etymologically (sensory perception)
  • Use an art example (horror genre) to show aesthetics also applies to frightening/disgusting perceptions

Speakers / Sources Featured

• Speaker: The lecturer/host of the “philosophy of science class” (name not provided)
• Sources cited: None (no external authors or historians mentioned)

Category

Educational

---

Share this summary

Share on X/Twitter Share on Facebook Share on LinkedIn Share on Reddit Share on WhatsApp Share on Telegram

---

Is the summary off?

If you think the summary is inaccurate, you can reprocess it with the latest model.

Reprocess summary

Video