Summary of "Criterios de Clasificación de las Empresas ✅"

Summary: Business-Specific Content from Criterios de Clasificación de las Empresas

1. Classification of Companies by Size

Key Metrics/Criteria:

Number of employees
Annual turnover (revenue)

Categories:

Large companies: ≥ 250 employees and > €50 million turnover Examples: Coca-Cola, Starbucks, Google Green
SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises): < 250 employees and ≤ €50 million turnover
- Medium-sized: 50–250 employees, €10M–€50M turnover Example: Construction labs
- Small businesses: 10–50 employees, €2M–€10M turnover Examples: Local supermarkets, digital marketing agencies
- Micro-enterprises: <10 employees, <€2M turnover Examples: Food shops, hairdressers, internet cafes

Case Study: Spain (January 2020)

Micro-enterprises: 94.48% of private sector businesses (3,417,739 active)
Small businesses: 20.7% (74,975 active)
Medium-sized: 0.68% (24,765 active)
Large businesses: 83% (29,996 active)

Note: Percentage data here appears inconsistent; likely a transcription error or misinterpretation.

Insight: SMEs dominate the Spanish economy and are critical for job creation and economic stability. Governments should prioritize SME support.

2. Classification by Capital Ownership

Types:

Public companies: Owned and controlled by government entities (state, regional, municipal)
- Objective: Social service provision, not profit maximization
- Examples: Public hospitals, schools, Madrid Metro, Renfe
Private companies: Owned by individuals or private entities
- Objective: Maximize economic returns
- Examples: Apple, Microsoft, McDonald’s, local bars
Mixed companies: Joint ownership by public administration and private investors
- Arise from privatization or public-private partnerships
- Examples: Iberia (privatized 1999), Enagás (1994), municipal service companies
- Status can change over time (nationalization or privatization)

3. Classification by Sector of Activity

Sectors:

Primary sector: Extraction of natural resources Examples: Agriculture, livestock, medicinal plants
Secondary sector: Manufacturing and construction Examples: Textile factories, chemical industries, automotive
Tertiary sector: Services and commerce
- Commercial companies: Supermarkets, real estate agencies, pharmacies
- Service companies: Hospitality, finance, telecom, healthcare, education

Spanish Economy (2015 Data):

Tertiary sector: ~75% of economy (services dominant)
Secondary sector: 22.6% (industry and construction)
Primary sector: 2.5% (natural resources)

Strategic Recommendation: Spain should diversify away from cyclical sectors (tourism, hospitality, construction) and strengthen technology, innovation, and industry to reduce vulnerability to recessions.

4. Classification by Legal Structure

Options for Entrepreneurs:

Sole proprietorship:
- Natural person, unlimited liability
- Taxed under personal income tax (IRPF)
- Common for freelancers and small businesses
Commercial companies:
- Formed by multiple partners pooling capital and/or labor
- New legal entity, registered and taxed under corporate income tax

Types of Commercial Companies:

Partnerships:
- Partners contribute capital and labor
- Joint and several liability (personal assets at risk)
- Examples: General partnerships (law firms), limited partnerships (mixed capital and labor)
Capital companies:
- Liability limited to capital contributed
- Focus on financial contribution, not partner identity
- Examples:
  - Public limited company (Sociedad Anónima) — Coca-Cola, Burger King
  - Private limited company (Sociedad Limitada) — family businesses
Social economy companies:
- Alternative models focused on social objectives, job creation, and local development
- Examples: Cooperatives, worker-owned companies

Additional Resources: Further detailed videos are linked for pros, cons, and market/geographic scope of each legal form.

5. Classification by Geographic Scope

Types:

Local companies: Operate within a municipality or town Example: Village pharmacy
Regional companies: Operate across multiple regions within a country Example: Northern Spain furniture maker
National companies: Operate within one country only
Multinational companies: Operate globally with strategies to maximize profit via economies of scale, cost optimization, and global sourcing Examples: Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, Starbucks, Apple, Microsoft

Frameworks and Processes Highlighted

Use of employee count and turnover as key metrics for size classification
Ownership classification highlighting public-private-mixed models and privatization/nationalization processes
Sector classification emphasizing economic dependency and cyclical risk management
Legal structure decision-making framework for entrepreneurs balancing liability, taxation, and business goals
Geographic scope classification tied to strategic market reach and operational scale

Key Takeaways & Recommendations

SMEs are vital economic engines and require focused government support for job creation and economic stability.
Mixed ownership models can optimize service delivery by combining public oversight and private efficiency.
Economies overly reliant on cyclical sectors should diversify toward innovation and industry to mitigate recession impacts.
Entrepreneurs must carefully select legal structure based on liability tolerance, tax implications, and business type.
Multinational companies leverage global strategies to reduce costs and increase profitability through economies of scale.

Presenters / Source

The video is presented by the Home Economics channel (unnamed individual presenter).
References to additional videos and resources are provided by the channel for deeper dives into specific topics.

This summary distills the business strategy, operational classifications, and organizational frameworks relevant for entrepreneurs, managers, and policymakers.