Summary of "Chapter 7 and 8 Phlebotomy NAU"

Main Ideas and Concepts

The video covers Chapters 7 and 8 of a Phlebotomy course, focusing on the challenges of working with Pediatric Patients and the methodologies involved in blood collection, particularly in children and infants.

Chapter 7: Challenges of Phlebotomy

Dual Patient Consideration: When working with children, both the child and the parent are considered patients. The parent's comfort level can significantly affect the child's anxiety.
Engagement Techniques:
- Use games and familiar references to distract and reassure the child.
- Offer rewards and bribes to ease the process for both children and adults.
Blood Collection Techniques:
- Capillary Puncture: Preferred method for children under 12 months is a heel stick.
  - For infants, always perform a heel stick; for older children, use finger sticks.
  - Ensure the site is warm to increase blood flow.
  - Use appropriate lancet sizes (no greater than 2mm for infants).
Order of Draw:
- For capillary draws, the order changes to Lavender (EDTA), Green (heparin), and Red (non-additive) to prevent contamination.
Contamination Prevention:
- Wipe away the first drop of blood due to contamination with interstitial fluid.
- Ensure proper disposal of lancets in sharps containers immediately after use.
Complications:
- Be aware of hemolysis causes and how to avoid them.
- Manage patients on blood thinners carefully to prevent excessive bleeding.

Chapter 8: Working with Pediatric Patients

Psychological Considerations:
- Understand the psychological impact of illness on children and avoid labeling them as "sick."
- Engage with both the child and parent to build trust and comfort.
Developmental Understanding of Illness:
- Infants and toddlers have limited understanding, while older children can grasp concepts of illness and treatment.
Pain Management Techniques:
- Use of Topical Anesthetics and cold sprays to minimize pain during procedures.
- Distraction techniques (stories, games) can help alleviate anxiety.
Effective Communication:
- Use simple language and get down to the child's level.
- Avoid teasing and ensure honesty about pain expectations.
Restraint Techniques:
- Use blankets or other gentle methods to restrain children when necessary, ensuring comfort and safety.

Methodology/Instructions

For Capillary Punctures:
- Warm the puncture site.
- Clean with alcohol and allow to dry.
- Puncture at the correct depth (no more than 2mm).
- Wipe away the first drop of blood.
- Dispose of the lancet immediately in a sharps container.
- Collect blood in the correct order of draw (Lavender, Green, Red).
For Pediatric Engagement:
- Smile and be friendly; introduce yourself.
- Explain procedures using simple language.
- Use toys or dolls to demonstrate the procedure.
- Encourage parental involvement for comfort.
- Offer rewards or incentives for good behavior.

Speakers/Sources Featured

The speaker appears to be an instructor for a Phlebotomy course, possibly affiliated with Northern Arizona University (NAU), as indicated in the video title. There is also mention of a student present during the recording who may ask clarifying questions.

This summary captures the essential points and methodologies discussed in the video, providing a clear overview for anyone studying Phlebotomy, particularly in pediatric contexts.