Summary of What Are Covalent Bonds | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchool
Main Ideas and Concepts
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Definition of Covalent Bonds
- Covalent Bonds are formed when non-metal atoms share electrons in their outer shells.
- Unlike ionic bonds, which involve the transfer of electrons between metals and non-metals, Covalent Bonds occur between similar non-metal atoms.
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Formation of Covalent Bonds
- Non-metals have partially filled valence shells and prefer to share electrons rather than lose them.
- This sharing creates bonding orbitals that contain two electrons.
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Types of Bonds
- Non-metals can form single, double, or triple bonds depending on the number of shared electron pairs (e.g., oxygen forms double bonds, nitrogen forms triple bonds).
- Covalent Bonds can be represented using straight lines in displayed formulas or dot and cross diagrams.
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Characteristics of Covalent Bonds
- Covalent Bonds are directional and fixed in position.
- They are strong due to the close proximity of atoms resulting from orbital overlap.
- Compounds with small covalent molecules (e.g., Water) have low melting and boiling points and do not conduct electricity.
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Giant Covalent Structures
- Carbon and silicon can form giant covalent compounds (e.g., Diamond and Silicon Dioxide) where each atom forms multiple bonds, creating extensive networks.
- These compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strength of the Covalent Bonds.
- Allotropes
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Identification of Covalent Compounds
- The video challenges viewers to identify covalent compounds based on their physical properties and their position in the Periodic Table.
Methodology/Instructions
- To identify covalent compounds:
- Consider the physical properties (e.g., melting and boiling points).
- Analyze the elements’ positions on the Periodic Table.
Speakers/Sources Featured
- The video is produced by FuseSchool, an educational platform focused on teaching various subjects, including chemistry.
Notable Quotes
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Category
Educational