Summary of "¿Qué es TQM - Total Quality Management? ...I de II"
Summary of “¿Qué es TQM - Total Quality Management? …I de II”
This video explains the origins, evolution, and key concepts of Total Quality Management (TQM), focusing on its development in Japan based on the teachings of quality experts like W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, and Kaoru Ishikawa. It highlights how TQM transformed Japanese industry post-World War II and contrasts Japanese practices with Western approaches.
Main Ideas and Concepts
Historical Context and Origins
- W. Edwards Deming’s work was initially ignored in the U.S. but embraced by Japan after WWII.
- Between 1950-1980, Japan transformed its reputation from producing cheap, low-quality products to being synonymous with quality and reliability.
- This transformation was driven by importing and adapting Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods and preventive maintenance, aligned with Deming’s postulates.
Key Figures and Contributions
- W. Edwards Deming: Advocated for a systematic approach to problem-solving and emphasized the customer as the central part of the production process.
- Joseph Juran: Alongside Deming, contributed significantly to the quality movement.
- Kaoru Ishikawa: Coined “Total Quality Control” (TQC), developed the concept of Quality Control Circles, and authored influential texts like Introduction to Quality Control. He is also credited as the father of Quality Control Circles and the root of KAIZEN (continuous improvement).
Evolution of Quality Concepts in Japan
- SQC evolved into Company Wide Quality Control (CWQC), then to Total Quality Control (TQC), and finally Total Quality Management (TQM).
- Preventive Maintenance evolved into Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), foundational to the Toyota Production System (TPS).
- TPS pillars include Just-In-Time and JIDOKA, supported by tools like HEIJUNKA, KANBAN, and 5S.
Quality Control Circles
- Initiated through radio campaigns to educate managers and supervisors.
- Frontline operators were trained in simple statistical tools such as Pareto charts, checklists, flowcharts, and histograms.
- Voluntary participation led to the formation of Quality Control Circles, fostering teamwork and continuous problem-solving.
- These circles are a fundamental part of TQM and the basis for KAIZEN.
Japanese vs. Western Approaches
- Japanese TQM emphasizes total participation by all workers.
- Western quality efforts tend to be limited to specialists.
- In the U.S., Quality Control Circles were sometimes renamed “Quality Circles” to avoid negative connotations.
TQM as a Management Philosophy
- TQM is not a program or certification but a comprehensive strategy and way of managing.
- It involves the entire organization working systematically to meet customer expectations efficiently and effectively.
- TQM focuses heavily on people as the organization’s most important asset.
TQM vs. ISO 9000
- ISO 9000 certification is not equivalent to TQM but can be part of a TQM deployment.
- TQM lacks auditable elements and is broader in scope.
Quality Awards and Human Resource Development
- Major quality awards include:
- Deming Prize (Japan)
- Malcolm Baldrige Award (USA)
- EFQM Model (Europe)
- These awards differ in emphasis on human resource development:
- Deming Prize: 15% weight on HR development.
- Baldrige Award: 8.5% on human resources approach.
- EFQM: 5% on people-related criteria.
- The video advocates for the Deming-based TQM model due to its strong focus on people and full participation (KAIZEN).
Cultural and Historical Factors
- Japan’s post-war environment and collective motivation were crucial for TQM’s success.
- Deming noted that such a concerted movement was uniquely possible in Japan.
Preview of Part II
The next video will cover: - Quality Circles in detail - Process quality concepts from Juran, Shewhart, and Deming - Integration of Toyota Production System and Lean Manufacturing into TQM
Methodology / Key Steps in TQM Development and Deployment
- Import and adapt Statistical Quality Control (SQC) and preventive maintenance.
- Use radio campaigns and education to spread quality knowledge to managers and supervisors.
- Train frontline operators in simple statistical tools:
- Pareto Charts
- Checklists
- Flowcharts
- Histograms
- Encourage voluntary participation and teamwork through Quality Control Circles.
- Develop Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) alongside TQM.
- Integrate TQM principles into all organizational levels with management commitment.
- Focus on continuous improvement (KAIZEN) with full participation.
- Emphasize customer satisfaction and reliability in products and processes.
- Use quality awards and models to benchmark and promote excellence, especially emphasizing human resource development.
Speakers / Sources Featured
- W. Edwards Deming: Quality guru whose teachings underpin TQM.
- Joseph Juran: Quality expert alongside Deming.
- Kaoru Ishikawa: Japanese quality pioneer, developer of TQC and Quality Control Circles.
- Union of Engineers and Scientists of Japan (JUSE): Organization that promoted quality education in Japan.
- Toyota Production System (TPS): Practical application of TQM principles in manufacturing.
- References to quality awards:
- Deming Prize (Japan)
- Malcolm Baldrige Award (USA)
- EFQM Model (Europe)
This summary captures the historical development, key concepts, methodologies, and cultural aspects of TQM as presented in the video.
Category
Educational
