Summary of "Clase 1 parte 1 Historia Preuniversitario"

This first class of the virtual pre-university course focuses on the study of history, particularly the political, economic, social, and cultural changes of the 19th century in Europe, America, and Chile. The class is divided into two main materials: an explanation of what history is and how it is studied, followed by a discussion of the specific historical changes in the 19th century.

Main Ideas and Concepts:

Understanding History:
- History relates to both past and present events, as the present is constantly transitioning into the past.
- Personal memories are more impactful than collective memories due to emotional connections.
Historical Eras:
- History is categorized into periods or epochs defined by historians, which helps in organizing historical study.
- Examples include the Renaissance, the Liberal period of Chilean Independence, and dictatorships.
Subjectivity of History:
- History is subjective and often reflects the perspectives of those who document it, typically the victors of events.
- The portrayal of historical figures can vary significantly based on the perspective of the narrator.
The Role of Testimonies:
- Testimonies can include various forms of evidence such as letters, photographs, and official documents.
- These testimonies serve as primary or secondary sources of historical information.
Sources of History:
- Primary Sources: Direct testimonies contemporary to the events (e.g., letters, photographs).
- Secondary Sources: Writings that interpret or analyze historical events (e.g., biographies, theses).
- Sources can also be classified based on their intention (voluntary vs. involuntary) and support (written, oral, audiovisual).
Study Methodology:
- A structured approach is necessary for studying history, including organization of content and clarity in presentation.
- Different formats for presenting historical research include reports, essays, and theses, each with specific structural requirements.

Methodology for Historical Study:

Organize Your Study:
- Define the scope of study (e.g., focus on a specific historical period).
- Use a structured format for presenting findings:
  - Cover page
  - Index
  - Introduction
  - Development
  - Conclusion
Identify Sources:
- Determine the origin of sources (primary vs. secondary).
- Assess the intention behind sources (voluntary vs. involuntary).
- Recognize the support of sources (written, audiovisual, etc.).

Speakers/Sources Featured:

The class appears to be conducted by an unnamed instructor who discusses the nature of history and its study, providing insights and examples throughout the lecture.