Summary of Plant reproduction - Germination - GCSE Biology (9-1)

Main Ideas and Concepts

• Plant Reproduction Process:
  • Gamete Formation: Creation of pollen (male gamete) and eggs (female gamete).
  • Pollination: Transfer of pollen to the ovule.
  • Fertilization: Fusion of male and female gametes to form a seed.
  • Seed Development: Seeds develop within fruits.
  • Seed Dispersal: Seeds are spread away from the parent plant.
  • Germination: The process of a seed developing into a plant.
• Germination:

  Germination occurs when a seed is in a dormant state and requires specific conditions to begin growth:

  • Water: Seeds typically contain about 10% water; increasing water levels is essential for breaking dormancy.
  • Oxygen: Necessary for respiration, which supports growth.
  • Temperature: A warm environment is crucial for activating enzymes and metabolic processes.
• Seed Structure:

  Seeds contain:

  • An embryo (the developing plant).
  • Cotyledons (food stores that provide nutrients until photosynthesis begins).

Methodology for Investigating Germination

• Core Practical Setup:

  Use four tubes with Cotton Wool and ten Cress Seeds each. Control all other variables to ensure a valid experiment. Cover each tube with cling film and leave for five days.

• Experimental Conditions:
  • Tube 1: Water, room temperature, oxygen (expected to germinate).
  • Tube 2: No water, room temperature, oxygen (expected to not germinate).
  • Tube 3: Boiled water (no oxygen), room temperature (expected to not germinate).
  • Tube 4: Water in the fridge (too cold), oxygen (expected to not germinate).
• Expected Results:

  Only Tube 1 is expected to show Germination. Tube 2 lacks water, preventing seed coat breakdown. Tube 3 lacks oxygen due to boiling, hindering respiration. Tube 4 is too cold for enzyme activity, preventing growth.

• Additional Experiment:

  A tube similar to Tube 1 can be covered in foil to block light. While light is not needed for Germination, prolonged absence of light post-Germination may lead to plant death due to inability to photosynthesize.

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