Summary of "معادلة كلية التجارة المحاضرة الأولى في مادة اللغة الإنجليزية"

Summary of the Video: معادلة كلية التجارة المحاضرة الأولى في مادة اللغة الإنجليزية

This lecture is an introductory English lesson for students preparing for the equivalency of the Faculty of Commerce in Egyptian universities. The instructor focuses primarily on the Simple Present Tense, explaining its forms, uses, and common pitfalls in detail. The teaching style is interactive, repetitive, and designed to demystify English Grammar for students who may have had negative experiences with the language previously.

Main Ideas and Concepts

  1. Introduction and Motivation
    • The English subject in the equivalency is easy and manageable.
    • The teacher encourages students to approach the subject step-by-step without fear.
    • Emphasizes that the Equivalency Curriculum is light and accessible.
  2. Simple Present Tense Overview
    • Also called Present Simple or Simple Present.
    • Used to express:
      • Facts or universal truths (e.g., "The sun rises from the east").
      • Habits or repeated actions (e.g., "I wake up at 6 am every day").
      • Fixed schedules or timetables (e.g., "The train leaves at 8:00").
  3. Time Signal Words (Indicators of Simple Present)
    • Words that indicate the use of Simple Present Tense include:
      • Often, always, usually, sometimes, every, hardly, rarely, weekly, daily, occasionally, etc.
    • These are called "spies" or "signals" that help identify the tense.
  4. Seven Aspects ("Angles") of Simple Present Tense

    The lesson breaks down the Simple Present Tense into seven key aspects:

    1. Time Signal Words
    2. Affirmative Sentences
    3. Negative Sentences
    4. Question Formation
    5. Tag Questions (Remover Questions)
    6. Passive Voice
    7. Usage
  5. Affirmative Sentences in Simple Present
    • Focus on the subject (singular/plural):
      • Singular subjects: he, she, it (and singular nouns like "Ali").
        • Verb takes -s, -es, or -ies endings.
      • Plural subjects: I, we, you, they (and plural nouns).
        • Verb stays in the base form (infinitive without "to").
    • Rules for adding endings:
      • Add -s for most verbs.
      • Add -es if the verb ends with o, s, ss, x, z, ch, sh.
      • For verbs ending in -y preceded by a consonant, change y to ies (e.g., "try" → "tries").
      • If -y is preceded by a vowel, just add -s (e.g., "play" → "plays").
  6. Negative Sentences
    • Use do not (don’t) with plural subjects.
    • Use does not (doesn’t) with singular subjects.
    • The main verb remains in the base form (infinitive without "to") after do/does.
    • Examples given to distinguish between singular and plural forms.
  7. Question Formation
    • Two types:
      • Yes/No questions starting with do or does.
        • Structure: Do/Does + subject + base verb + ?
      • WH-questions starting with question words (what, where, when, why, how) + do/does + subject + base verb + ?
    • Use does with singular subjects and do with plural subjects.
    • Verb remains in base form after do/does.
  8. Tag Questions (Remover Questions)
    • Tag Questions are short questions added at the end of a statement.
    • If the main sentence is affirmative, the tag is negative, and vice versa.
    • The tag uses do/does or don’t/doesn’t depending on the subject.
    • Pronouns in tags correspond to the subject of the main sentence (he/she/it → he/she/it; plural nouns → they).
  9. Passive Voice in Simple Present
    • Formed by: Subject + am/is/are + past participle (third form of the verb).
    • Use is with singular subjects and are with plural subjects.
    • Example: "The letter is written by the secretary."
    • Passive Voice shows the action is done to the subject.
  10. Usage Summary
    • Simple present expresses:
      • Facts or truths.
      • Habits or repeated actions.
      • Fixed schedules or timetables.
    • Recognizing time words helps identify Simple Present Tense.
    • Verb conjugation depends on the subject’s number (singular/plural).
  11. Examples

Category ?

Educational

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