Melanoma - Overview (signs and symptoms, pathology, risk factors, treatment)

Overview of Melanoma

Definition: Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with the highest mortality rate among dermatological cancers and is prevalent among young adults.

Risk Factors for Developing Melanoma

• Family history of Melanoma
• Personal history of Melanoma
• Light hair and eye color
• High freckle density
• Immunosuppression (due to drugs or diseases)
• Presence of multiple melanocytic nevi (moles)

Characteristics of Melanoma

• Generally pigmented lesions
• Asymmetry in shape
• Ill-defined borders
• Potential to bleed or ulcerate

Pathology of Melanoma

Involves the epidermis (top skin layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (subcutaneous fat). Melanocytes, which normally protect against UV radiation and aid in pigmentation, become mutated and proliferate uncontrollably, leading to Melanoma.

Diagnostic Methodology

ABCDE Rule for Skin Examination:

• A: Asymmetry
• B: Ill-defined borders
• C: Color changes or bleeding
• D: Diameter and depth
• E: Elevation and changes in the lesion over time

Prevention Strategies

• Wear protective clothing (hats, long-sleeved shirts)
• Use sunscreen
• Wear sunglasses
• Regular skin checks by a doctor or self-examinations, especially for those with a family or personal history of Melanoma

Featured Researchers/Sources

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