Summary of "Projetos e Métodos para a Produção do Conhecimento - Senso comum e ciência (Libras)"
Summary of "Projetos e Métodos para a Produção do Conhecimento - Senso comum e ciência (Libras)"
This video is an introductory lecture for the course "Projects and Methods for the Production of Knowledge," focusing on the nature of knowledge, its historical development, and the distinction between Common Sense and scientific knowledge. It outlines different types of knowledge and how science is methodologically and conceptually structured.
Main Ideas and Concepts
- Introduction to Knowledge and Its Historical Development
- Knowledge has characterized humanity throughout history.
- Human development has been driven by questions about the world.
- From everyday practical knowledge to formal scientific knowledge, humans have continuously sought to understand and manipulate reality.
- Common Sense vs. Science
- Common Sense:
- Emerges from daily life and social groups.
- Based on subjective perceptions, feelings, and opinions.
- Transmitted informally (e.g., from father to son).
- Lacks systematic methodology and critical evaluation.
- Example: Agricultural practices evolving from empirical observation to more refined methods.
- Science:
- Based on theory, objectivity, and systematic methods.
- Goes beyond everyday experience.
- Relies on observation, experimentation, and the Scientific Method.
- Knowledge is transmitted academically (advisor to student).
- Seeks rational, methodical, and systematic understanding of reality.
- Common Sense:
- Historical Milestones in Scientific Development
- Agricultural revolutions and improvements in farming techniques.
- 16th-17th centuries: Scientific Revolution and establishment of experimental method.
- 18th century: Advances in biology and chemistry.
- 19th century: Industrial Revolution and new production methods.
- 20th century: Space exploration and medical advances.
- 21st century: Genomics, computer science, environmental concerns, and new paradigms.
- Types of Knowledge
- Common Sense (Empirical Knowledge):
- Based on everyday experience, subjective and non-systematic.
- Does not aim for critical or systematic knowledge.
- Scientific Knowledge:
- Objective, critical, systematic.
- Seeks to understand structure, causes, laws.
- Can be tested and falsified.
- Philosophical Knowledge:
- Evaluative, metaphysical.
- Seeks understanding beyond sensory experience.
- Questions existence and universal principles.
- Theological/Religious Knowledge:
- Based on faith, sacred texts, and doctrines.
- Deals with the supernatural and mysteries.
- Not subject to empirical verification.
- Common Sense (Empirical Knowledge):
- Science: Method and Methodology
- Methodology: Critical study of methods; understanding the logic of a discipline.
- Involves describing, explaining, interpreting, understanding, and evaluating.
- Method: Ordered procedures and techniques used in research.
- Defined based on philosophical conceptions of man and the world.
- Choices of method and methodology depend on research objectives.
- Science involves both understanding (comprehensive dimension) and operational procedures (methodological dimension).
- Researchers’ worldview influences their methodological choices.
- Methodology: Critical study of methods; understanding the logic of a discipline.
- Classification of Sciences
- Based on complexity of reality studied:
- Formal Sciences: Study ideas, logic, mathematics.
- Factual Sciences: Study natural and social phenomena (e.g., physics, chemistry, anthropology, law, economics).
- Science today is highly differentiated and must address complex social realities, including technological advances and social inequalities.
- Based on complexity of reality studied:
- Conclusion
- Knowledge is complex and multifaceted.
- The course will continue exploring the production of knowledge, focusing on methods and projects.
- Students are encouraged to engage with complementary activities for deeper understanding.
Methodology/Instructions Presented
- To understand knowledge and science:
- Recognize the historical and social context.
- Differentiate types of knowledge (Common Sense, scientific, philosophical, theological).
- Understand the Scientific Method as systematic, objective, and experimental.
- Distinguish between method (specific procedures) and methodology (study of methods).
- Consider philosophical and worldview assumptions in choosing methods.
- Classify sciences according to their object and complexity.
- Approach science critically, considering its role in addressing social and environmental challenges.
Speakers/Sources Featured
- The video appears to feature a single primary speaker (likely the course instructor or narrator).
- No other speakers or external sources are explicitly identified in the subtitles.
Category
Educational
