Summary of "Transformation of Sentences | ICSE & ISC Grammar | Rules | Boards 2026"

Summary — main ideas and lessons

The video explains how to transform sentences using the expressions “owing to” and “provided” (or “provided that”), covering meanings, correct placement, punctuation, and exam-style transformations.

Key distinctions

“Owing to” = “due to” — expresses cause/reason.
“Provided” / “Provided that” = “only if” — introduces a condition.
Punctuation and position matter: either expression can begin a sentence (followed by a comma) or appear mid-sentence (usually without a comma).

Detailed rules and step-by-step method

1. Transforming sentences with “owing to” (cause)

Meaning: “owing to” = because of / due to (gives the reason).
When starting a sentence with “owing to”:
- Place the “owing to” phrase at the beginning, followed by a comma.
- Structure: Owing to + noun phrase, + main clause.
- Example:
  
  Original: “The roads were flooded and the event was postponed.” Transformed: “Owing to flooded roads, the event was postponed.”
When placing “owing to” in the middle:
- Put the “owing to” phrase after the main clause (no leading comma required).
- Example:
  
  “The event was postponed owing to flooded roads.”
More examples:
- Original: “She had a fever, so she skipped practice.”
  - “Owing to her fever, she skipped practice.”
  - “She skipped practice owing to her fever.”
- Original: “There was a power cut and therefore the production stopped.”
  - “Owing to a power cut, the production stopped.”
  - “The production stopped owing to a power cut.”
- Original: “He lacked funds, so he cancelled the trip.”
  - “Owing to a lack of funds, he cancelled the trip.”
  - “He cancelled the trip owing to a lack of funds.”

2. Transforming sentences with “provided” / “provided that” (condition)

Meaning: “provided (that)” = “only if” — used to introduce a condition.
When starting a sentence with “provided” / “provided that”:
- Begin with the conditional clause and follow it with a comma.
- Structure: Provided (that) + clause, + main clause.
- Example:
  
  Original: “If he comes back we will go with him.” Transformed: “Provided that he comes back, we will go with him.”
When placing “provided” in the middle:
- Put it after the main clause; a comma is typically not required.
- Example:
  
  “We will go with him provided that he comes back.”
Usage variants:
- “Provided that” can often be shortened to “provided”:
  - “We will go with him provided he comes back.”
More examples:
- Original: “You can go out only if you finish your homework.”
  - “Provided that you finish your homework, you can go out.”
  - “You can go out provided that you finish your homework.”
- Original: “She will join the trip only if her parents allow her.”
  - “Provided that her parents allow her, she will join the trip.”
  - “She will join the trip provided that her parents allow her.”
- Original: “We will book the tickets only if we get a discount.”
  - “Provided that we get a discount, we will book the tickets.”
  - “We will book the tickets provided that we get a discount.”

Practical exam tips

These transformations (beginning with “owing to” or “provided”) are commonly asked in board examinations — practice both beginning-clause and mid-sentence forms.
Pay attention to punctuation: when the clause (owing to / provided that) comes first, use a comma after it.