Summary of "DIP abordaje anemia 1"
Summary of the Video "DIP abordaje Anemia 1"
Main Ideas and Concepts:
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Understanding Anemia in Dogs:
Anemia is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells, leading to clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, pica (eating non-food items), decreased activity, and potential weight loss. Symptoms manifest primarily when Anemia is severe (red blood cell levels below 15%).
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Clinical Manifestations:
Common signs of severe Anemia include:
- Lethargy
- Anorexia
- Pica (interest in eating inappropriate substances)
- Decreased activity
- Weight loss
Mild Anemia (15-25% red blood cell count) may result in mild exercise intolerance, while levels above 25% are often asymptomatic.
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Oxygen Delivery and Anemia:
The primary consequence of Anemia is hypoxia (lack of oxygen) due to reduced oxygen transport capacity. Oxygen delivery depends on cardiac output and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
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Classification of Anemia:
Anemia is not a diagnosis but a clinical abnormality; the underlying cause must be identified. Classifications include:
- Severity: mild, severe, very severe
- Regenerative vs. non-regenerative based on reticulocyte counts.
- Morphological characteristics: microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic, hypochromic, normochromic, hyperchromic.
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Diagnostic Approach:
A systematic approach is necessary for diagnosing Anemia:
- Evaluate clinical history and exposure to drugs/toxins.
- Conduct Blood Tests to assess red blood cell counts and reticulocyte levels.
- Consider further tests (Bone Marrow Aspirate, imaging) if initial tests do not identify the cause.
Anemia in older Dogs (over 8 years) is common, with various potential underlying causes including hormonal conditions, neoplasia, infections, and organ failures.
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Importance of Reticulocyte Response:
The Reticulocyte Count is crucial in determining whether Anemia is regenerative (indicating a response to blood loss or hemolysis) or non-regenerative. A Reticulocyte Count of over 60,000 per microliter indicates regeneration.
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Patterns of Anemia:
Different patterns can be identified through mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) tests, which help classify the type of Anemia.
Methodology for Diagnosing Anemia:
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Initial Assessment:
- Review clinical history, including drug exposure.
- Perform a Complete Blood Count (CBC) to evaluate red blood cell levels.
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Classification of Anemia:
- Determine severity (mild, severe, very severe).
- Assess reticulocyte response to classify as regenerative or non-regenerative.
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Further Testing:
If red blood cell levels are below 30%:
- Check for other cytopenias (thrombocytopenia, neutropenia).
- Consider infectious diseases, especially in older Dogs.
- Conduct biochemical profiles, urine tests, and imaging studies.
If no cause is identified, a Bone Marrow Aspirate may be necessary.
Speakers/Source:
- Joaquin Ilanes (the main speaker presenting the information on Anemia in Dogs).
Category
Educational
