Summary of "Environmental Science Q4W1 Module 1: ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES"

Summary of “Environmental Science Q4W1 Module 1: ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES”

This educational video module introduces the topic of energy resources in the Philippines, focusing on identifying, classifying, and understanding the impacts and importance of various energy sources. It covers both renewable and non-renewable energy types, their locations in the Philippines, advantages and disadvantages, and includes interactive activities to reinforce learning.

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Main Ideas and Concepts

1. Objectives of the Module

By the end of the module, learners should be able to: - Identify energy resources in the Philippines - Classify these resources as renewable or non-renewable - Explain the beneficial and harmful ecological effects of these resources - Appreciate the importance of energy resources in the country

2. Review of Environmental Problems

The video briefly reviews environmental issues such as: - Pollution - Climate change - Earthquakes - Volcanic eruptions - Typhoons - Landslides

3. Energy Resources in the Philippines

• The Philippines has abundant energy resources due to its tropical location near the equator and geological features (e.g., volcanoes, Pacific Ring of Fire).
• Energy resources are classified into two types:
  • Renewable: Can be replenished quickly (solar, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, wind)
  • Non-renewable: Limited supply, take millions of years to form (oil, coal, natural gas, nuclear)

4. Renewable Energy Sources

Hydroelectric Power

• Uses water in motion to generate electricity through dams (impoundment) or river diversion.
• Major plants: Maria Cristina Falls (Agus River).
• Advantages:
  • No fuel needed
  • No pollution
  • Reliable and constant electricity
  • Water storage for demand peaks
• Disadvantages:
  • Expensive dams
  • Site limitations
  • Flooding risk
  • Drought impact

Geothermal Power

• Heat from inside the Earth used for electricity and heat.
• Philippines ranks 3rd globally in geothermal capacity.
• Two extraction methods: flash steam and binary cycle.
• Advantages:
  • Environmentally friendly
  • Renewable and sustainable
  • Low pollution
  • No fuel needed
• Disadvantages:
  • Location-specific
  • Potential gas emissions
  • Earthquake risk
  • High initial cost
  • Requires reservoir management

Solar Power

• Converts sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic panels.
• Major solar farms in Batangas and Cavite.
• Advantages:
  • Free energy
  • No pollution
  • Useful in remote areas
• Disadvantages:
  • Ineffective at night without storage
  • Expensive solar cells
  • Weather-dependent

Wind Energy

• Uses wind turbines to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
• Wind farms located in Ilocos Norte, Rizal, Guimaras, Aklan.
• Advantages:
  • No fuel needed
  • No pollution
  • Dual land use
  • Tourist attraction
  • Continuous power if wind is present
• Disadvantages:
  • Weather-dependent
  • Expensive
  • Bird mortality risk
  • Noise pollution
  • Large land requirement

Biomass Energy

• Uses organic materials (crop residues, animal waste, wood chips) as fuel.
• Widely available in agricultural regions.
• Advantages:
  • Utilizes waste
  • Cheap fuel source
• Disadvantages:
  • Produces greenhouse gases when burned
  • Collection challenges

5. Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Fossil Fuels

• Formed from decomposed ancient plants and animals (coal, crude oil, natural gas).
• Coal deposits found in Cagayan Valley, Mindanao, Semirara Island (largest deposit).
• Crude oil requires refining (fractional distillation).
• Natural gas mainly methane, extracted offshore Palawan (Malampaya project).
• Advantages:
  • Easy transport
  • Cheap
  • Efficient power generation
• Disadvantages:
  • Limited supply
  • Pollution
  • Greenhouse gas emissions
  • Acid rain

Nuclear Energy

• Generated by splitting atoms (nuclear fission) of uranium or plutonium.
• Heat produces steam to turn turbines and generate electricity.
• Advantages:
  • Reliable
  • Low greenhouse gas emissions
  • High energy output from small fuel amounts
• Disadvantages:
  • Radioactive waste disposal
  • Expensive
  • Safety hazards
  • Long-term waste management
• The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) is the only plant in the Philippines; it is currently not operational due to safety and political concerns.

6. Interactive Learning Activities

• Quizzes on environmental problems and energy resource classification
• Crossword puzzles and matching exercises on energy terminologies
• Independent assessments on advantages/disadvantages of energy types
• Performance task: building a wind-powered toy car to understand wind energy principles

7. Importance of Energy Resources

• Energy is vital for daily life and development.
• Renewable energy is increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
• Understanding energy sources helps in making informed choices for environmental conservation and energy security.

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Detailed Methodology / Instructions for the Wind-Powered Car Activity

Materials Needed

• Corrugated cardboard
• Construction paper or cardstock
• 3 wooden skewers
• 2 plastic straws
• 4 plastic bottle caps
• Tape
• Scissors
• Cutter

Steps

1. Cut cardboard to form the car body.
2. Tape two straws parallel across the bottom of the car.
3. Make plus-shaped holes in bottle caps (wheels).
4. Insert a skewer through two bottle caps to create an axle.
5. Thread the skewer through a straw and secure wheels on both ends.
6. Repeat for the second axle.
7. Ensure axles spin freely and car rolls smoothly.
8. Insert an upright skewer into the car body as a mast for the sail.
9. Make at least three sails of different sizes but the same shape.
10. Attach the smallest sail to the mast.
11. Place the car in front of a fan and turn it on.
12. Measure how far the car moves; repeat with larger sails and different shapes.
13. Optionally, test with variable fan speeds and observe effects on distance/speed.

Questions to Consider

• How far does the car travel with different sail sizes and shapes?
• How does fan speed affect the car’s movement?

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Speakers / Sources Featured

• Primary Speaker: An unnamed instructor or teacher delivering the online environmental science class.

• Referenced Entities:

  • Philippine government and Department of Energy (DOE) for energy project data
  • Specific locations and projects: Maria Cristina Falls hydroelectric plant, Malampaya gas-to-power project, Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
  • International geothermal energy leaders: United States, Indonesia, Philippines

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This summary captures the educational content, key lessons, and practical activities presented in the video module on energy resources in the Philippines.

Category

Educational

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