Summary of الدفعة 9 - محاضرة المراجعة من تكوين المقاييس المستخدمة في التربية الخاصة

Summary of the Lecture: "الدفعة 9 - محاضرة المراجعة من تكوين المقاييس المستخدمة في التربية الخاصة"

This lecture is a comprehensive review of various psychological and educational assessment scales used in the field of special education, focusing primarily on language, autism spectrum disorder, learning difficulties, ADHD, stuttering, intelligence, and adaptive behavior. The session is intended as a quick recap before exams, emphasizing key concepts, test administration, scoring, and interpretation.

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Main Ideas, Concepts, and Lessons Conveyed

1. Introduction and Exam Preparation

• The lecturer reassures students that the exam will be of average difficulty, focusing on understanding key concepts rather than memorizing details.
• Emphasizes the importance of focusing on the review session, as most exam questions will come from this material.

2. Language Assessment Scales

• Arabic Language Test for Preschool Children by Dr. Ahmed Abu Hasiba:
  • Goal: Determine linguistic age and identify strengths/weaknesses.
  • Age range: 2 months to 7 years 5 months.
  • Components: colored picture book, receptive and expressive language questions, parent questionnaire, and sounds/pronunciation test.
  • Administration: Start testing at the child’s chronological age; use “starting point,” “rule” (3 consecutive correct answers), and “ceiling” (5 consecutive wrong answers) to determine test progression and stopping.
  • Scoring: Raw scores converted to equivalent linguistic age and standard scores.
  • Interpretation: Standard score below 77.5 indicates need for speech therapy; above 122.5 indicates giftedness.
• Language Functions Development Test (Modified) by Dr. Nahla Al-Rifai:
  • Goal: Measure language development from birth to 8 years.
  • Structure: Multiple age-specific books with questions covering five linguistic axes: content, understanding context, expressing context, pragmatics, and pronunciation.
  • Scoring: Convert chronological age to months; apply test starting at appropriate age book; go back to previous age if errors occur.
  • Calculation of linguistic age and percentage for each axis separately; average scores across axes to get overall language development percentage.

3. Learning Difficulties Scales

• Illinois Scale of Psycholinguistic Abilities (translated by Dr. Azza Abdel Aziz):
  • Original by Kirk and McCarsey.
  • Goal: Assess auditory, visual, linguistic, and developmental deficits in children aged 2-10.
  • Five linguistic processes measured: reception, association, memory, closure, expression.
  • 10 core subtests (plus optional 2 subtests).
  • Scoring: Raw scores converted to equivalent age and standard scores; average standard scores used for overall assessment.
  • Interpretation: Differences between subtest scores indicate strengths or weaknesses (positive difference = strength, negative = weakness).
• Batteries for Opening the Oils by Dr. Fathy Mustafa Al-Zayat:
  • Age range: 9-14 years.
  • Measures developmental, academic, and behavioral/social-emotional skills.
  • Developmental: attention, concentration, memory, perception.
  • Academic: reading, math, writing.
  • Behavioral: self-esteem, social interaction, hyperactivity, emotional problems.
  • Scoring: Raw scores converted to averages and percentile ranks; graphing used to visualize strengths and weaknesses.
  • Classification into mild, moderate, or severe learning difficulties.

4. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Scales

• Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS):
  • Age range: 3-22 years.
  • Administered with guardian, not child.
  • Six subscales: stereotypical behaviors, social interaction, social communication, emotional responses, cognitive style/interests, inappropriate speech.
  • Scoring: Weighted scores combined into autism coefficient; severity classified as simple, medium, or severe.
  • Modified DSM-5 version (GARS-2) exists with minor changes.
• Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS):
  • Age: 2 years and above.
  • Measures severity of autism symptoms across 15 subscales.
  • Scoring allows half-point increments to capture subtle symptom presence.
  • Total score determines severity: none, mild, moderate, severe.

5. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Scales

• Conners' Rating Scales:
  • Age range: 3-17 years.
  • Four forms: long and short versions for parents and teachers.
  • Measures ADHD symptoms and related behavioral problems (conduct disorder, learning problems, anxiety, impulsivity).
  • Scoring: Raw scores converted to standard scores; interpretation ranges from no ADHD to high degree of hyperactivity/attention deficit.
  • Long form preferred for comprehensive assessment.

6. Stuttering Intensity Test

Developed and translated by Dr

Notable Quotes

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Educational

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