Summary of Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Side by Side Comparison

Key Concepts:

• Mitosis: A process that results in two identical Diploid body cells, crucial for growth and repair.
• Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that produces four non-identical Haploid Gametes (sperm and egg cells), essential for sexual reproduction.
• Diploid and Haploid: Diploid cells (2n) have two sets of chromosomes (46 in humans), while Haploid cells (n) have one set (23 in humans).
• Interphase: The phase where chromosomes are duplicated before Mitosis or Meiosis begins, resulting in 92 chromatids attached at the centromere.
• Homologous Chromosomes: Chromosomes that are similar in size and gene content, pairing during Meiosis for genetic recombination.

Stages of Mitosis and Meiosis:

• PMAT Acronym: Stands for Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase, which are the stages both processes go through.
  • Mitosis:
    • Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible.
    • Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
    • Anaphase: Chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides.
    • Telophase: New nuclei form, and cytokinesis follows to split the cytoplasm.
  • Meiosis:
    • Meiosis I:
      • Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair and may undergo crossing over, creating recombinant chromosomes.
      • Metaphase I: Chromosomes align in pairs in the middle.
      • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart.
      • Telophase I: New nuclei form, followed by cytokinesis.
    • Meiosis II (similar to Mitosis):
      • Prophase II: Chromosomes condense without homologous pairs.
      • Metaphase II: Chromosomes align in a single file line.
      • Anaphase II: Chromatids are pulled apart.
      • Telophase II: New nuclei form, followed by cytokinesis, resulting in four non-identical Gametes.

Additional Information:

• Gametes: Resulting cells from Meiosis are Haploid and crucial for sexual reproduction.
• Zygote Formation: When a sperm and egg combine, they form a Diploid zygote that undergoes Mitosis to develop into a new organism.

Featured Researchers/Sources:

• The video is produced by the Amoeba Sisters.

Notable Quotes

— 03:10 — « In this formation, chromosomes can transfer their genetic information and exchange it between each other. It’s called crossing over! »

— 05:26 — « We are now finished with meiosis: and we end with four non-identical cells. »

— 05:59 — « Well, that’s it for the Amoeba Sisters, and we remind you to stay curious! »

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