Mengubah Lahan Bekas Tambang Menjadi Lahan Pertanian | tvOne

Scientific Concepts, Discoveries, and Nature/Environment Phenomena

Mineral Resource Depletion & Post-Mining Land Conversion

• After mines are exhausted, reclamation is needed to prevent land abandonment and to support productive land use (e.g., agriculture).

Soil Fertility Degradation in Ex-Mining Areas

Former mining land often shows reduced soil fertility, including:

• Very low soil pH (acidic conditions) → nutrient deficiency and poor plant growth.
• Lack of nutrients → “infertile” soil.
• Heavy metal contamination (especially discussed in coal/tin contexts) → interferes with agriculture and plant development.

Reclamation / Land Improvement Practices

• Vegetation or tree planting to improve environmental conditions.
• Soil treatment varies by mineral type:
  • Coal mining areas: acidic pH is commonly reported.
  • Tin mining areas: described as often sandy, with acidic pH; remediation differs from coal sites.
• Topsoil replacement / imported topsoil landfilling
  • Example: land improved over ~5 years by filling with topsoil from other areas.
• Organic matter/products
  • Organic amendments are described as supporting plant recovery and accelerating growth.

Agronomic and Production Methods

• Field schools / farmer training and extension services to shift livelihoods from mining to farming.
• Seed and input assistance:
  • Seeds (vegetables, fruit, plantation crops)
  • Fertilizer (including organic fertilizers)
  • Pesticides
• Partial-media replacement (“rockpot / planting-point technique”) in coal sites
  • Instead of restoring entire topsoil profiles, planting media is prepared only at planting points, conditioned like potted plant media to enable faster production.

Environmental/Social Ecology of Post-Mining Landscapes

• Illegal mining can create open pits/holes (locally termed “kolong” in Bangka).
• Reclamation reduces long-term environmental and economic harm by restoring land productivity and supporting local livelihoods.

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Methodology / Program Outline (As Practiced in the Stories)

Reclamation and Conversion to Agriculture

1. Plant vegetation/trees on abandoned mine land.
2. Assess site-specific soil problems (e.g., pH, nutrient status, heavy metals).
3. Apply mineral-type-appropriate soil treatment.
4. Improve soil using:
   • Topsoil replacement (when feasible),
   • Organic amendments,
   • Planting-point media replacement (for certain coal sites).

Livelihood Transition (“Miners Become Farmers”)

• Government coordination and monitoring from mine opening through closure.
• Training/extension through:
  • Field schools
  • Counseling/outreach
  • Regular visits
  • Provision of inputs (seeds, fertilizer, pesticides)

Local Governance and Permitting

• Collaboration among:
  • Central government,
  • Regional/provincial government,
  • Local agriculture offices,
  • Communities.
• Use of land tenure/permission mechanisms for ex-mining land (including community use or proposals via local agriculture offices).

Agricultural Development Targets

• Convert former mining lands into productive agricultural areas, including land that previously was not used for agriculture.

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Key Quantitative Claims (From the Subtitles)

Indonesia Resource/Reserve Figures (as stated in a 2024 decree)

• Coal reserves: 31.7 billion tons
• Tin ore reserves: 6.3 billion tons
• Copper ore reserves: 2.85 billion tons

Reclamation Performance (2023)

• Reclamation of former mining land: 7,900.7 hectares
• Target: 7,075 hectares

Mining-Land Examples and Land Areas

• Central Bangka Regency (Bangka Island)
  • Tin mining history dating to the Dutch colonial era (~1711)
  • Illegal mining growth noted since the 2000s
• Sawah Lunto City (West Sumatra)
  • Mining began late 19th century
  • Reclamation focus after large-scale mining slowed/stopped
  • Transferred post-mining land includes 300,393 hectares
  • ~70 hectares reclaimed (as stated)
• Namang Village (Central Bangka)
  • Rice field expansion:
    • 10 ha (2008)
    • 20 ha stage
    • 60 ha total (as described)

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Researchers / Sources Featured

• Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM)
  • Referenced via Decree/Regulation ESDM Number 132 of 2024
• Ministry of Manpower
• Ministry of Agriculture
• Ministry of Environment and Forestry
• Department of Agriculture and Food Security of Central Bangka Regency
• Sawah Lunto City Government
  • Administrative source; includes collaboration with PT Bukit Asam
• PT Bukit Asam (state-owned company / BUMN)
  • Referenced via an agreement dated November 5, 2004 (land handover for post-mining areas)
• Dutch geologist Willam Henrck de Grave
  • Estimated coal reserves beneath Sawah Lunto (~200 million tons)
• Central Bangka Regency Government
  • Mentioned as conducting outreach since 2016