Video summary

DINAS JAGA 6 (Prosedur Dinas Jaga Saat Pemuatan Kapal Tanker, Kapal Curah, dan Kapal Kontainer )

Main summary

Key takeaways

Educational

Main ideas, concepts, and lessons by video segment (Slides 1–15)

Slide 1 — Basics of watchkeeping during loading operations

  • Purpose of the watch (guard service):
    • Supervise and control loading activities on board the ship.
    • Ensure loading follows the predetermined loading plan and ship operational requirements.
    • Maintain ship stability and prevent incidents (e.g., cargo spills, fires, structural damage).
  • Who performs it:
    • The Watch Officer, typically the 2nd or 3rd Officer depending on the ship’s division of duties.
  • Legal/regulatory basis referenced:
    • International regulations and safety frameworks such as STCW/STCWI, ISM Code / Safety Management System concepts, and International Code of Safety Management.
    • Company standard operating procedures.
  • Core accountability mechanism:
    • Record developments and actions in the guard book / watch book and report periodically to the Captain.
  • Continuous monitoring cycle (methodology):
    • Handover of watch from the previous officer.
    • Understand loading plans and stowage plans.
    • Operate equipment per procedure.
    • Monitor load parameters (e.g., draft/ullage/inclination).
    • Document important events.
    • Final check + secure equipment + prepare report + handover.
  • Key support roles:
    • Helmsman/crew assisting with measuring equipment (e.g., ullage gauge, draft gauge, inclinometer).
    • Communications with the terminal.
  • Fatigue management:
    • Arrange watch schedules to match working hours/rest hours requirements (citing the Maritime Labour Convention).

Slide 2 — Safety regulations and standards in loading/handling

  • Central lesson: watchkeeping during loading must align with multiple mandatory maritime safety and environmental rules.
  • Examples of referenced instruments:
    • SOLAS (safety of life at sea)
    • MARPOL (pollution prevention)
    • Tanker-related guidelines (referenced as ISGAT/ISGOTT in the subtitles)
    • IMSBC Code for solid bulk cargoes
  • How compliance is achieved:
    • Integrated into the ship’s Safety Management System.
    • Verified via internal/external audits.
  • Checklist-based compliance method (instructions):
    • Fill out a checklist.
    • Check terminal vessel before loading begins.
    • Ensure the Shore/Port Safety Checklist (SIP Shore Safety Checklist) is signed by both vessel and terminal representatives.
    • Verify operational parameters (flow rate, pressure, temperature) are within permissible limits.
    • Ensure required safety documentation is available and understood (safety manuals, stability info boards, emergency comms devices).
    • Steps include pre-docking checklist preparation, equipment/emergency comm checks, signing with terminal, monitoring limits during loading, and final post-loading documentation.
  • Consequences of non-compliance:
    • Possible detention, heavy fines, or criminal prosecution.
  • Key documentation lesson: recording every compliance step is critical evidence for inspections.

Slide 3 — Division of duties among First Officer and Second/Third Officers

  • Goal of task division:
    • Avoid gaps/overlap so there is complete supervision during loading.
  • Typical responsibility split (as described):
    • First Officer: loading planning and controlling stability.
    • Second Mate/Officer: navigation and external communications (monitor ship position and terminal comms).
    • Third Officer: direct deck and cargo hold supervision.
  • Coordination method:
    • Command hierarchy: First Mate gives direction to Second and Third Mates.
    • Internal communications via radios; briefing before loading is mandatory.
  • Coordination tools/components referenced:
    • Daily watch tables
    • UHF radio
    • Load plan whiteboard in cargo control room
    • Checklists tailored to each officer’s duty area
  • Operational sequence (methodology):
    • Briefing led by First Officer
    • Third Officer checks deck equipment/loading ramp
    • Second Mate prepares navigation/communication equipment
    • During loading: Third monitors manifold/loading space; Second monitors ship position/terminal; First controls ballast/stability from control center
    • Handover after completion with notes on current conditions
  • Variations by ship type (still same chain of command):
    • Complex tankers: First Officer often fully present in cargo control room
    • Container ships: Third Officer plays a larger role supervising loading/welding-related tasks (as stated)

Slide 4 — Load planning and stowage plan

  • Stowage plan definition:
    • Diagram of cargo placement based on cargo weight/volume/nature and destination port.
  • Purpose:
    • Ensure stability, safe longitudinal strength, cargo segregation.
    • Prevent excessive hull stress; keep trim/conditions within limits.
    • Ensure cargo can be unloaded safely at destination.
  • Compiling principles referenced:
    • Stowage factor, bending moment, metacentric height
    • Computer simulation used by the loader to model each stage.
  • Main inputs/components:
    • General plan drawings, capacity tables
    • Shipper’s bill of lading
    • Stability calculation software / loader computer tools
  • First Officer responsibilities:
    • Accuracy and validity of the produced plan (subtitles mention “TOAG plan”/loader output).
  • Operational workflow (instructions):
    • Receive initial plan from terminal
    • Check loader computer conditions/limits
    • Simulate ballast loading/discharge sequence
    • Compare actual conditions/ullage with plan continuously during loading
    • After loading: take final measurements; record actual load configuration and send to company
    • Verify manifest vs measurement results; if discrepancy is suspicious, stop temporarily and adjust plan

Slide 5 — Equipment preparation before loading (varies by ship type)

  • Core lesson: inspect and test all mechanical/hydraulic/safety systems before loading to prevent stoppages and hazards.
  • Preparation objectives:
    • Detect damage/wear early; repair/replace immediately.
    • Functional tests per maintenance schedule.
  • Methodology (instructions):
    • Collect relevant checklists.
    • Perform opening/closing tests for valves/hatch covers.
    • Test equipment operation without load (e.g., conveyors/valves).
    • Check alarms and pressure indicator functions.
    • Record all results; do not use equipment with non-conformities until authorized repairs are completed.
  • Equipment types by vessel:
    • Tankers: manifold valves, cargo pumps, inert gas systems, cargo level gauges
    • Bulk carriers: hatch closing hydraulics, conveyors, loading funnels
    • Container ships: cranes, spreaders, twist locks, lashing equipment
  • Maintenance system role:
    • Computerized planned maintenance helps track history/schedule.
    • Record repairs and spare-part details (hours, serial numbers) for classification/flag inspections.

Slide 6 — Communication and coordination between ship and terminal

  • Core principle: clear communication is essential to safety and accuracy during loading.
  • Communication methods referenced:
    • VHF/UHF radio, agreed hand signals, light signals.
  • What communication coordinates:
    • Start/stop load flow, rate changes, pauses, ending loading.
  • Communication discipline (principles):
    • Repeat instructions for confirmation
    • Use standard maritime language
    • Establish primary + backup radio channels
    • Ensure everyone understands emergency signals, including “total stop”.
  • Operational steps (instructions):
    • Radio test and channel agreement
    • Watch Officer confirms tanks/holds to be filled, initial rate, cargo name
    • During operations: communicate and repeat any rate or tank changes
    • After completion: final confirmation + hose/equipment removal procedures
  • Emergency when comms fail:
    • Activate agreed emergency procedures immediately.
    • Signal with whistle or light; suspend loading until comms restored.
    • Record outages/duration in the watch book.

Slide 7 — Piping and inert gas systems on tankers

  • Cargo piping system:
    • Routes liquid cargo from manifold to cargo tanks via valves/pipes.
    • Allows multiple tanks to be filled simultaneously by controlling valve openings.
    • Prevents leaks and overpressure; supports rapid isolation during emergencies.
  • Valve operation:
    • Typically butterfly/gate valves operated hydraulically from the cargo control room.
  • Inert gas system purpose:
    • Replace tank atmosphere with low-oxygen gas to prevent flammable mixtures.
    • Oxygen must be kept below 8% (subtitles later mention <5% operational condition).
  • Key monitoring/control concept:
    • Continuous monitoring of pressure, oxygen content, and gas flow rate.
  • Operational steps (instructions):
    • Ensure inert gas generator operating normally and oxygen level below 5%.
    • Prepare piping: open destination tank valve.
    • Start loading at low rate to check leaks; increase gradually.
    • Officer periodically monitors ullage, inert gas pressure, and temperature.
    • Near peak filling: reduce rate; close valve; drain pipeline.
  • Safety logic:
    • Too-low inert gas pressure may allow air ingress → oxygen rises above safe limits.
    • Excess pressure can damage tank bulkheads.
    • Therefore automatic valve settings and vacuum pressure relief/vacuum relief equipment must be in prime condition.
  • Testing requirement:
    • Inert gas system function test is mandatory and recorded separately.

Slide 8 — Operational stages of loading a tanker

  • Concept: tanker loading follows structured stages to ensure safety/efficiency.
  • Stage purpose:
    • Control flow rate so pipe pressure stays within limits.
    • Prevent tank overfilling.
    • Allow simultaneous ballast adjustments.
    • Give time to verify each tank’s actual condition.
  • Gradual loading method (instructions):
    • Start low rate in first tank → check leaks → increase slowly.
    • Replace tanks using a sequence simulated on the loader computer.
    • As peak limit approaches, reduce rate to avoid overflow.
  • Operational sequence (instructions):
    1. Briefing + prepare valve line for first tank
    2. Ask terminal to start at minimum rate
    3. After no leaks confirmed, increase to agreed full rate
    4. Monitor ullage and replace tank per plan
    5. During topping off: reduce rate, close valve after safe limit reached, drain pipeline, make final report
  • Topping off is critical:
    • Requires intense communication + more frequent manual measurements.
    • Errors can cause overflow → pollution + high cleaning costs.

Slide 9 — Monitoring of cargo parameters on tankers

  • Purpose of monitoring:
    • Continuous reading/recording of temperature, pressure, ship inclination, and level/condition data.
    • Detect deviations early to prevent overflow and excessive hull stress.
  • Monitoring concept:
    • Compare actual readings vs simulated load plan.
    • If a significant difference occurs: identify cause immediately and take corrective action.
  • Layered inspection method:
    • Electronic sensors monitored from control room
    • Still verified manually using portable instruments (to avoid sensor failure/reading errors).
  • Monitoring tools/components:
    • Ullage measuring radar, manual measuring tape, load thermometer, pressure sensor, condition indicator/inclinometer
    • Calibration periodically per maintenance schedule
  • Operational monitoring workflow (instructions):
    1. Confirm instruments are working and manual device batteries are charged
    2. Read entire initial ullage before loading begins
    3. During loading: record radar readings every 15–30 minutes in the watch book
    4. Perform manual sounding on the tank being filled for verification
    5. After loading: calculate final load amount based on sounding + tank tables
  • Discrepancy handling:
    • If radar and manual readings disagree: check alarm system immediately and postpone loading until resolved.

Slide 10 — Bulk carrier loading equipment system

  • Core idea: bulk carriers use mechanical equipment to move solid cargo into holds while controlling load fall and distribution.
  • Examples of equipment referenced:
    • Cranes with claws, grabs, belt conveyors, loader hoppers
    • Ground loader arms
    • Telescopic funnel to reduce dust and distribute evenly
  • Working principle (instructions/logic):
    • Drop cargo from a chosen height toward the center of the hold.
    • Gradually position funnel toward sides to level the surface.
    • Adjust movements based on deck/bulkhead strength limits to prevent concentrated loading.
  • Components referenced:
    • Ship/land crane, claw, belt conveyor, hopper, telescopic hopper, hatch cover hydraulic system
  • Preparation workflow (instructions):
    • Visually inspect + functionally test components before use
    • Open hatch covers; install dust cover
    • Direct funnel toward center; start cargo at low rate
    • Officer monitors distribution; asks operator to reposition hopper to avoid “hill” formation
    • Stop when planned conditions reached; clear remaining deck cargo; lock hatch covers tightly
  • Lesson: uneven distribution can cause twisting stresses in the hull; officer must understand shear strength limits and bending moments.

Slide 11 — Bulk carrier loading procedures and dust control

  • Main risk: dust pollution, visibility impairment, environmental harm, and health/safety risks (especially coal/fine iron ore).
  • Regulatory reference:
    • MARPOL Annex V and IMSBC Code (subtitles mention both; also mentions preventing air pollution and safe working environment).
  • Dust control methods referenced:
    • Water spraying generally
    • Water spray at load fall point
    • Use of a closed funnel
  • Dust control principle:
    • Capture dust with water droplets or prevent dust spread by blocking flow into the air.
  • Operational instructions (step-by-step):
    • Activate water spray system before cargo begins to fall; adjust intensity to wind and cargo moisture.
    • Cover ventilation to accommodation and engine room with tarpaulin (to prevent dust entry).
    • Close unnecessary ventilation.
    • Load sequentially between holds with periodic load monitoring.
    • Watch officer monitors dust level on deck; if self-heating cargo, monitor cargo temperature.
    • After final measurements: clean deck and close hatch tightly.
  • Moisture/liquefaction risk (ore concentrates etc.):
    • Monitor humidity in addition to dust.
    • Perform a liquefaction potential can test.
    • If moisture too high: stop loading and require shipper evidence that cargo meets the Transportable Moisture Limit (TML) in the cargo certificate.

Slide 12 — Container ship loading equipment system

  • Core concept: container crane operations require secure lifting and precise placement.
  • Key crane tool: spreader
    • Clamps container corners using an automatic twist lock.
    • Must place containers into the designated cell per the loading chart.
    • Spreaders adjustable for 20ft and 40ft containers.
  • Loading principle: follow BPL sequence
    • Sequence of spaces/rows/layers listed in the BPL (loading plan).
    • Each container’s weight recorded and entered into the loader computer for stability calculations.
    • Heavy containers lower; lighter containers higher.
  • Main components:
    • Container crane, spreader, twist lock, lashing equipment
  • Pre-loading tests (instructions):
    • Test crane functions: brakes, limit switches, alarms.
    • Crane signal man provides hand signals to the DK operator (terminal/crane operator).
    • Turn on crane; test hoist/trolley/spreader movement.
    • Check twist lock operation.
  • During loading:
    • Lift slowly to minimize swinging.
    • Lower into intended cell.
    • Officer ensures compliance with chart and instructs lashing installation.
    • Park crane and lock spreader after completion.
  • VGM compliance (SOLAS verified gross weight):
    • Each container must have valid VGM documentation from the sender.
    • Terminals must not load containers without valid VGM.
    • Officer checks VGM completeness and compares with BPL; reject unreasonable/undocumented weights.

Slide 13 — Container loading procedures and stability monitoring

  • Central lesson: strict stability supervision is necessary because container weights vary widely.
  • Role of computers:
    • Loader computers calculate bending moments, metacentric heights, and conditions with each container placement.
  • Stability monitoring responsibility:
    • Officer compares actual container weight with manifest.
    • Ensures placement matches simulated chart and remains safe.
  • Loading sequence principle (instructions):
    • Start from middle of ship toward ends.
    • Fill bottom layer first.
    • If placement deviates from chart: evaluate impact in loader computer before proceeding.
  • Operational steps (instructions):
    • Verify charts and container weight lists
    • Install twist locks on hatch covers and guide cells
    • Load in order; start with heavy containers on bottom layer
    • Monitor ship inclination via inclinometer continuously
    • After each container: tighten lashings immediately
    • End: final lashing inspection, verify number/position, final stability calculations before sailing
    • During voyage: repeat lashing checks periodically (especially in bad weather) because vibration can loosen twist locks/lashing rods
    • Keep inspection documentation for safety management system and inspections
  • Coordination:
    • Officer coordinates with terminal via radio to match container arrival order.

Slide 14 — Emergency procedures during loading

  • Emergency types referenced:
    • Cargo spillage, overpressure, equipment failure, fire.
  • Emergency procedures purpose:
    • Protect lives, property, and marine environment.
    • Follow ship pollution response plan and safety management system procedures.
  • Primary emergency handling principle: fast response
  • Core actions sequence (instructions):
    1. Stop the danger source quickly using the EESD emergency stop button
    2. Sound general alarm
    3. Communicate situation to terminal and Captain
    4. After stopping: take countermeasures (spill barriers, initial extinguishing)
  • Key components referenced:
    • ESD buttons (manifold and control room)
    • Spill response equipment, first aid kits, emergency contact lists
  • Spill response workflow (instructions):
    • Press ESD immediately and stop operations
    • General alarm notifies all crew
    • Install oil boom barriers to localize spill
    • Evacuate victims and provide first aid
    • After control: investigation, documentation, area cleaning, reporting to relevant authorities
  • Drills/training requirement:
    • Conduct emergency drills periodically (at least monthly for scenarios like oil spills, toxic gas leaks, manifold fires).
    • Training records kept properly and signed by the (subtitles say) Nahoda.
    • Inspectors verify exercises and whether post-drill evaluations improved procedures.

Slide 15 — Completion of loading, final draft, documentation and handover

  • Closing objective:
    • Ensure ship is ready to sail and all documentation/records are accurate.
  • Post-loading purpose:

Original video