Español Undécimo Marco metodológico S20 M2

Main ideas and lessons

• The video explains what a methodological framework is in a school research monograph and why it is essential.
• It teaches how to write the methodological framework by organizing it into four main parts (plus an intro and conclusion paragraph).
• It provides definitions and examples for key research components:
  • Methodological approach (quantitative, qualitative, mixed)
  • Research design (experimental type and type of study), and specifically how a school monograph is typically non-experimental and descriptive
  • Population and sample (and how this applies to people or documents)
  • Data collection and analysis instruments (tools for gathering data and tools for analyzing it)

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Methodology: structure and content to include

1) Methodological approach

• Specify the type of research you will use:

  • Quantitative research
    • Focus: numbers and measurable data
    • Example logic: surveys where you count preferences, how often a phenomenon happens, or measurable variables.
  • Qualitative research
    • Focus: understanding experiences and opinions
    • Emphasis: the why and how behind behaviors/choices, descriptions, interpretations, and texts.
    • Example logic: understanding why students prefer a type of music or how a topic developed over time.
  • Mixed research
    • Combines both:
      • Use numbers for an overview (quantitative),
      • Then use stories/interviews/opinions to better explain the results (qualitative).
    • Example logic: survey first → interviews afterward to explain reasons.

• Explain which approach you chose and why it fits your research.

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2) Research design

• Describe the experimental design type:
  • Experimental
  • Quasi-experimental
  • Non-experimental

• Describe the type of study:

  • Descriptive
  • Correlational
  • Explanatory
  • Exploratory

• For a school monograph, the video states:

  • It is non-experimental and descriptive
  • Therefore, you must explain:
    • Why your work is non-experimental
    • Why your work is descriptive

Non-experimental (what to write/include)

• No manipulation of variables.
• You observe and collect/analyze existing information.
• Example provided: study whether there’s a relationship between time on social media and grades by surveying and collecting existing data—without changing anything.

Descriptive (what to write/include)

• Focus on describing and detailing characteristics of a situation or group.
• Example provided: describe what a typical high school student’s day looks like by collecting daily activity data and presenting descriptions.

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3) Population and sample

Population

• Define the whole set you want information about:
  • In general terms: all people/items/texts that share a common aspect relevant to your study.
• Example (party analogy): the entire group at the party.

Sample

• Define the smaller group taken from the population.
• Use it to make predictions or conclusions about the whole population.
• Example (party analogy): select one group of 20 people from the party and check them.

How this applies to the research monograph

• If your research is about a family:
  • Population: the whole family
  • Sample: 1–2 people from that family (interviewed/observed)

Application to documents

• If you are not interviewing people but analyzing materials:
  • “Population” becomes: all available documents on the internet about your topic.
  • “Sample” becomes: the specific selected set of documents you will analyze in detail.

What you must explain in this section

• How you selected the population (and what it is)
• What the sample is
• The size of the sample
• A justification/argument for why you chose that specific sample

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4) Data collection and analysis instruments

• Explain:
  1. What tools/instruments you used to collect information
  2. What tools/instruments you used to analyze it

Examples of instruments for data collection

• Surveys: questionnaires with specific questions distributed to participants
• Interviews: conversations, structured or semi-structured, with individuals or groups
• Observations
  • Participatory or passive
  • Observing and noting dynamics between people/events/situations
• Tests: tasks measuring skills/knowledge/abilities
• Focus groups: group sessions where participants discuss the research topic
• Analysis guides: charts/rubrics used to record findings during research

Examples of instruments for data analysis

• Comparison charts
• Organizing interview notes/records and analyzing what was said
• Compiling survey data into graphs to analyze results

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Writing guidelines emphasized

• Include the methodological framework in a typical length of about 3 to 6 pages.
• Always add:
  • a short introductory paragraph
  • a short closing paragraph for the methodological framework.

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Speakers / sources featured

• Andre (host/presenter)
• Spanish Edber (host/second speaker)