Rajasthan Computer Anudeshak Bharti 2026 | Computer Cyber Security By Priyanka Mam

Main ideas / concepts taught (Cyber Security – Part Two)

1) Malware recap and introduction to viruses (history)

The instructor revisits types of malware from the previous class, including:

• Worms
• Viruses
• Spyware
• Adware
• (and other malware categories)

Then, the focus shifts to virus history, covering early notable viruses—their creators, motives, and impact.

Creeper virus

• First virus mentioned: “Creeper”
  • Also referred to in the subtitle as “Kapar/Kapar/Coper” due to errors.
• Creator: Bob Thomas
• Origin / motive: Developed during experimentation; not initially meant as an attack.
• Signature message: “I am a creeper catch me if you can.”
• Working effect: The message begins appearing on the screen.
• Context provided: Bob Thomas was working at BBA Technologies, involving RPNET (as stated).
• Classification: Referred to as an experimental virus.

Elk Cloner

• Creator: Richard Scutra (described as a 14-year-old)
• Motive: To create a “wild/destructive” virus (explicit destructive intent)
• Damage: Damaged the Apple II operating system
• Spread method: Floppy disks

Brain (PC / boot sector virus)

• Creators: Two Pakistani brothers:
  • Basidat
  • Amjad Farooq Alvi
• Impact: Described as causing Microsoft Windows to be shut down completely
• Infects: MS-DOS
• Note: Presented as the first boot sector virus
• Narration link: Treated as the first boot sector example.

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2) Antivirus vs malware: “name lists” and exam strategy

The instructor emphasizes remembering both malware and antivirus names because exams may ask:

• “Select the odd one out” (or similar MCQ-style conceptual discrimination)

First antivirus mentioned

• Reaper (stated as the first antivirus)

Example malware name list (as presented)

• Pigasus (Israel-made; discussed as spyware-like behavior)
• WannaCry (appears miswritten in subtitles, but context matches)
• Morris
• Petya
• Melissa
• Nimda
• SQL Slammer
• Bad Rabbit
• Code Red
• ILOVEYOU
• Pod Red / Pod (unclear due to subtitle noise)
• Additional variants listed generally as “and so on”

Antivirus name list (as presented)

• Quick Heal
• Kaspersky
• McAfee
• Norton
• Bitdefender
• Avira
• Avast
• Avij (unclear)
• Windows Defender
• (etc.)

The instructor frames it as a memory question: which option is different/odd among the given antivirus names.

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3) Core cyber-security terms

A) Phishing (definition + exam keywords)

Phishing is a fraudulent social engineering attempt where:

• The attacker becomes trustworthy first
• Then obtains personal details (e.g., email IDs, passwords, ATM info, photos/videos, etc.)
• The attack happens on a digital platform

Exam key points emphasized:

• Social engineering
• Fraudulent attempt
• Gaining trust first
• Stealing personal details
• Digital platform context

Related terms by communication channel:

• Vishing: phishing-like fraud via calls
• Smishing: phishing-like fraud via SMS

B) Spoofing (definition + examples)

Spoofing is when an attacker poses as a known/valid source using impersonation.

Demonstration strategy / anecdote:

• The instructor references learning from a web series (subtitles mention “Hacked / HAC KED”, exact spelling uncertain) to explain phishing/spoofing practically.

Insta/Telegram-style impersonation scenario:

1. A fake account is created in the instructor’s name
2. Requests are accepted
3. The attacker asks contacts/students for money, claiming repayment later
4. Victims realize it was not the real person

SBI KYC notice example:

• Fraud messages use SBI logos and watermark/signature-like elements
• The victim submits KYC believing it’s authentic
• The fraud is often visible only through subtle differences—common users may not notice

Additional note on scam money transfers:

• Money is transferred into accounts controlled by manipulated intermediaries
• Police later find the account holder (described as an elderly/poor person in the narrative)
• Core point: spoofers exploit trust and logistics to trap victims while moving money out of reach.

C) Sniffing

Sniffing is monitoring data packets to understand:

• That the message/data is traveling
• The packet forms/structure used
• Whether sender/receiver may be visible, but the route is not known

The narration uses a bank-style analogy:

• Monitoring how confidential data travels can enable later theft/extortion.

Explicit takeaway:

Sniffing = monitoring of data packets which can be stolen later.

D) DDoS (Distributed Denial of Services)

• Full form: Distributed Denial of Services
• Mechanism:
  • Flood the server with too many requests
  • The server becomes unresponsive / goes down
• Comparison made:
  • Similar to servers failing during peaks when many users submit forms simultaneously.
  • Attackers coordinate request floods to cause that failure.

E) Skimming

Skimming was described as widely seen during the COVID period.

How it works (ATM / credit-card context):

• A skimming device is installed inside or over the ATM (subtly described as “green colored”)
• When you insert your card:
  • The skimmer captures data instead of it reaching the real system
• Result:
  • IDs/passwords stolen
  • Money loss

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4) Types of viruses (detailed taxonomy presented)

The instructor lists multiple virus types and explains their behavior:

• Boot sector virus

  • Infects the booting process
  • Prevents the computer from starting
  • Spreads via floppy disks and hard disks
  • Brain referenced as the first boot sector virus

• Polymorphic virus

  • “Poly” = more than one form
  • Exists in multiple forms by changing its signature
  • Hard to detect due to changing signature

• Overwrite virus

  • Overwrites the original file with malicious content
  • Spreads when the victim opens the infected-looking file

• Resident virus

  • Lives in RAM
  • Infects files as they interact with the CPU

• Directory / Cluster virus

  • Changes path/structure so a file appears missing
  • Victim “can’t find” the file due to altered directory info

• File infector virus

  • Infects key executable program files like .exe
  • Destroys them

• Macro viruses (Word/Excel/PowerPoint)

  • Hides in MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint
  • Spreads when those files are opened

• Parasitic virus

  • Associates with another program
  • Spreads when the infected file/program is clicked/opened

• FAT virus (File Allocation Table)

  • Affects the FAT structure
  • Uses unused spaces (empty/unallocated FAT spaces)
  • Fills them to prevent legitimate use

• Stealth virus (deceptive virus)

  • Shows as temporarily deleted while antivirus is active
  • After antivirus/subscription ends, it restarts
  • Evades detection rather than being eliminated immediately

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5) Authentication and Firewalls

• Authentication

  • Verification of login ID and password

• Firewall

  • Prevents unauthorized access
  • Checks incoming and outgoing data packets
  • Verifies whether access is allowed and blocks unauthorized attempts
  • Example used:
    • Using WhatsApp on two devices triggers alerts about the registered number

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6) Spam and malware: “I Love You”

Spam

• Spam = unwanted/junk messages or calls sent in bulk
• Can include emails and other message types
• Example mentioned: Jio sending messages to customers

“I Love You” malware

• Presented as a major historical malware:
  • Originated from the context of love letters
  • Spread through emails
  • Caused major email shutdown/disruption
• The name “I Love You” was emphasized as coming from the love-letter theme used as the attack lure.

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7) Legal note: IT Act and hacking punishment

• Mentions Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000
• Notes amendment:
  • Amendment in 2008 (as stated)
• Mentions consequences for hacking:
  • Section 66
  • Punishment described as:
    • up to 5 years imprisonment (as stated)
• Instructor opinion:
  • Punishments are too low and should be increased.

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Speakers / sources featured

• Priyanka Mam (the instructor; repeatedly referenced as “Priyanka ma’am”)
• Bob Thomas (creator of “Creeper”)
• Richard Scutra (creator of “Elk Cloner”)
• Basidat and Amjad Farooq Alvi (two Pakistani brothers creators of “Brain”)
• BBA Technologies (company referenced for Bob Thomas’s work)
• Hacked / HACKED (web series referenced for practical phishing/spoofing demonstrations; exact spelling uncertain due to subtitles)
• The Hindu (mentioned indirectly in the context of reporting about “Pigasus”)