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Choosing the Right Building Material

The video explains how to choose among gypsum products, cement-based mortars, tile adhesives, floor screeds, and dry concrete. The key distinction is that gypsum products are mainly for interior work and can weaken if kept wet, while cement-based products are suited to outdoor, damp, masonry, or otherwise demanding applications.

Gypsum-Based Products

Building Plaster

Building plaster is the fastest-setting gypsum product. It begins to set after roughly three minutes, so a batch should be used within about ten minutes.

It is useful for small, quick repairs, such as securing flush-mounted electrical boxes, filling cable grooves or plug holes, and making other small patches. Mix small batches and wash tools promptly.

Gypsum Adhesive

Gypsum adhesive is a slower-setting version of gypsum plaster, generally providing about 30–60 minutes of working time. It is primarily used to attach plasterboard directly to a wall: apply it in patches about 30–40 cm apart, press the board into place, then level it with a straightedge and rubber mallet.

It can fill gaps up to about 20 mm and can also be used for plaster ornaments. Its grainy texture makes it unsuitable for smoothing a wall.

Gypsum Plaster

Gypsum plaster is used to coat whole interior walls, typically at around 15 mm thick. Thicker applications may require two coats. It can be applied by hand or machine, then smoothed as it begins to set.

It may be used in ordinary kitchens and bathrooms if humidity does not remain above roughly 70%.

Gypsum Putty

Gypsum putty is a finer, thinner material for initial leveling and repairs, generally applied in layers up to about 5 mm. It is used for scratches, surface imperfections, corners around windows and doors, plasterboard joints, tape, and screw heads.

Mix it thicker for holes and corners, and thinner for broad surface filling. Fill deep holes first with building plaster or gypsum adhesive, then level them with putty; thin compounds can take a long time to dry and may settle.

Gypsum putty can be difficult to sand, so it is less commonly used today for full-wall plastering.

Plasterboard Joint Compound

Plasterboard joint compound is specifically formulated for board joints. It resembles gypsum putty but often uses stronger gypsum and additives intended to reduce cracking.

On factory-made tapered edges, some products can be used without tape. Cut edges and areas where the structure may move should be taped. Apply the compound in stages: fill the joint, smooth the transition onto the board, and cover screw heads.

It can also fill cracks, but becomes difficult to sand once set.

Gypsum Finishing Skim

Gypsum finishing skim is the finest gypsum product. It is applied in thin coats—usually about 1–2 mm—to a wall that is already reasonably flat.

It is intended for final smoothing, not for hiding deep scratches or unevenness. Once dry, it sands easily to a smooth finish. Mix slowly or by hand to avoid introducing air bubbles.

Ready-Mixed Polymer Skim

Ready-mixed polymer skim is sold as a paste in a bucket and needs no mixing. Unlike gypsum, it hardens by drying rather than setting, so a sealed bucket can remain usable for a long time.

A thin coat may take up to six hours to dry. The product is intended for thin finishing, not leveling, and some products can be applied with a roller.

Cement-Based and Other Products

Fast-Setting Assembly Mortar

Fast-setting assembly mortar is a rapid-setting cement-based alternative to building plaster, providing a firm hold in about five minutes. Unlike gypsum, it can be used outdoors and on steel, and it is frost-resistant once set.

It is suitable for fixing rods, anchors, and hooks. It may also temporarily stop a localized water leak.

Masonry Mortar

Masonry mortar is a mixture of cement, sand, and additives used to join bricks, blocks, or hollow blocks. Standard mortar is for joints about 6–40 mm thick. Bag markings such as M5 and M10 indicate compressive-strength classes.

It is suitable for foundations, basements, and exterior walls. Thin-bed mortar is used for even silicate or aerated-concrete blocks.

Cement-Lime Plaster

Cement-lime plaster has a similar purpose to gypsum plaster but is suitable for exterior use. Cement provides strength and weather resistance, while lime improves workability and helps reduce cracking.

It is used on façades, garages, and basements.

Leveling Mortar

Leveling mortar fills gaps and levels walls or floors, indoors or outdoors, in layers ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Examples include repairing damaged balcony plaster or leveling a wall before tiling.

Cement Skim

Cement skim is a fine cement-based smoothing product, often made with white cement and fine sand and sometimes reinforced with polymers.

It is frost-resistant and waterproof, making it suitable for areas such as laundry rooms, basements, and façades.

Tile Adhesive: How to Read the Markings

• C means cement-based adhesive.
• 1 indicates basic adhesion; 2 indicates increased adhesion.
• T means reduced slipping, which is useful for wall tiling.
• E means extended open time, giving more time to place tiles.
• S1 and S2 indicate deformability, allowing the adhesive to accommodate movement in the substrate.

The video describes C1TE as generally sufficient for ordinary bathroom tiles. It recommends C2 with S1 for large-format tiles, terraces, or underfloor heating.

Self-Leveling Screed

Self-leveling screed is the product in the video’s list that spreads and levels the floor itself. Pour it in a thin layer, typically a few centimeters thick, and use a spiked roller on the fresh material to release air.

It may be walkable after a few hours, but allow the primer to dry properly before installing flooring such as panels, tiles, or carpet.

Dry Concrete

Dry concrete is bagged concrete made from cement, sand, and aggregate, comparable to concrete from a mixer. It is often labeled B20 or B25; the number indicates the strength class, with a higher number meaning stronger concrete.

It is useful for fence posts and small foundations. Quick-setting and post-specific versions are also available.

General Working Tips

• Put powder into water, not water into powder, to help prevent lumps.
• Mix each batch in a clean bucket: remnants of hardened material can make a new batch set faster.
• Do not try to restore a batch that has begun to harden by adding water.
• Protect steel embedded in walls from corrosion when using gypsum, since gypsum can promote rust that may later show through paint.
• Match the material to the job: use gypsum for many indoor finishing tasks, and choose cement-based products for outdoor, persistently damp, masonry, or water-exposed work.

Speakers and Sources Featured

One unnamed narrator or voiceover presents the material and closes with a channel-support message. No other speakers or quoted sources are identified in the subtitles.