Sejarah Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928: Awal Mula, Tokoh, dan Isi Ikrar

The Youth Pledge

The Youth Pledge grew out of efforts by youth organizations to unite beyond regional and organizational differences while Indonesia was under Dutch colonial rule.

First Youth Congress

The First Youth Congress was held in Batavia from April 30 to May 2, 1926. It sought common ground but did not reach a full agreement. Discussions about a unifying language included Muhammad Yamin and Muhammad Tabrani.

Second Youth Congress

Initiated by the Indonesian Students Association (PPPI), the Second Youth Congress met in Batavia on October 27–28, 1928, across three sessions. Discussions addressed unity, shared cultural and linguistic ties, and the role of education in building national character.

At the final session, Wage Rudolf Supratman played “Indonesia Raya” on the violin before the congress’s resolution was read.

The Pledge

The resolution affirmed three commitments:

1. One homeland: Indonesia.
2. One nation: the Indonesian nation.
3. One language of unity: Indonesian.

The pledge expressed a shared national identity despite differences in regional backgrounds and languages. October 28 was later designated Youth Pledge Day by presidential decree in 1959.

Contributors Mentioned

• Sugondo Joyopuspito
• R. M. Djoko Marsaid
• Muhammad Yamin
• Sunario Sastrowardoyo
• Adnan Kapau Gani
• Wage Rudolf Supratman
• Sie Kong Liong
• Muhammad Tabrani