Why is biodiversity important - with Sir David Attenborough | The Royal Society

Summary

Biodiversity—the variety of life and the interactions among organisms—helps keep the planet functioning and supports human life. For example, fruit-eating spider monkeys disperse seeds in their dung, helping tropical forests grow and absorb carbon dioxide.

The video says that around 1.6 million species have been catalogued, while perhaps seven or eight million more remain undiscovered. Many could disappear before scientists identify them.

Why biodiversity matters

Biodiversity provides people with food, medicine, and protection:

• Soil microorganisms support crop growth, while pollinators help produce fruits and nuts.
• Fish are a major source of animal protein for about a billion people.
• Plants and fungi have supplied medicines, and undiscovered species may have medical potential. For example, a fungus found on sloth fur may help treat some cancers.
• Trees, shrubs, coral reefs, and mangroves can reduce the risks of flooding and storm surges.

Nature also has spiritual and cultural value.

Causes of biodiversity loss

Human activities are driving biodiversity loss. Habitat changes for grazing, mining, and crop production, as well as harmful fertilizers, hunting, and climate change, all place pressure on wildlife.

The video notes that more than 300 mammal species are at risk of being consumed to extinction. It also reports that half the corals in the Great Barrier Reef died in 2016 and 2017 as a result of warming seas.

Actions suggested

• Cut carbon emissions.
• Use land and water in ways that cause less environmental damage, while leaving space for natural habitats.
• Protect biodiversity hotspots and rebuild biodiversity elsewhere.
• Give plants and animals room to thrive, using hands-on management where needed.
• Support conservation that helps people coexist with wildlife, and include affected communities in decisions.
• Pursue development that works with nature rather than against it.

Examples of conservation efforts

White stork chicks hatched in southern England in 2020 for the first time in 600 years, following reintroduction work. Mountain gorilla populations in Virunga National Park have also been restored, supported in part by tourism revenue that benefits local communities.

Researchers and sources featured

• Sir David Attenborough — presenter and narrator.
• The Royal Society — source directing viewers to its biodiversity Q&A at royalsociety.org/biodiversity.