वर्णमाला (Varnmala) | Class 12th Hindi Grammar | Class 12th Hindi Grammar Varnmala Bihar Board 2027

Main ideas / concepts taught

Orientation + motivation

• Teacher “Dinesh Shashwat” welcomes students to a Pratibha/Talent batch.
• Emphasizes the goal of becoming topper (state + district).
• Encourages:
  • Watch the full class (no skipping).
  • Maintain confidence and keep going consistently.

Hindi etymology (origin of the word “Hindi”)

• Explains that Persian/Iranian people entered India and did trade.
• They named the Indus (Sindhu) river during their contact.
• Through linguistic changes across “steps”:
  • Sindhu → Hindu → Hindi
  • Focus on suffix changes.
• Exam-oriented Q/A highlights:
  • Origin of “Hindi”: linked to Iran/Persia (Iranian/Persian influence)
  • Named after which river: Indus (Sindhu)
  • Number of stages/steps mentioned: 4
  • Suffix mentioned: Big-E (as stated in subtitles)

How to study (note-making methodology)

Students are strongly instructed to:

• Use a spiral notebook (or suitable grammar notebook).
• Begin writing from the first page.
• Make grammar notes to handle any exam level.
• Treat the teacher’s class material/notes as a grammar book for reference.

Language development sequence (historical order)

• Oldest language mentioned: Sanskrit
• Sequence taught:
  • Sanskrit → Pali → Prakrit → Apabhramsha → Avahat → Hindi
• “Mother” concept logic:
  • Hindi’s “mother” is presented as Avahat.
  • Exam logic asks what happens if the “mother” is considered in sequence—answer involves corruption/change.
• Devbhasha / Aryan language
  • Sanskrit described as “divine language” (Devbhasha/Devvani).
  • Also referred to as the language of Aryans, linked to Sanskrit.

Script development sequence + Devanagari details

• Defines script (लिपि/Script) as the style/manner of writing.
• Script evolution taught:
  • Brahmi (oldest) → next “secret script” → “crooked script” → Devanagari
• Devanagari “historical first usage”:
  • King Jaibhatt Singh of Gujarat
  • 8th century
  • First usage in Gujarat via stone inscription/signature medium (as described)
• Exam properties/labels:
  • Devanagari described as the main script of India
  • Also claimed to be a scientific script of India (as stated)

Hindi Day dates

• National Hindi Day: 14 September 1949
  • (Hindi added to the Indian Constitution on this date)
• World Hindi Day: 10 January 1975
  • (First World Hindi Conference in Nagpur)
• Purpose taught: promote/propagate Hindi and increase its spread internationally
• Number of World Hindi Conferences mentioned: 12 so far (up to teaching time)

Alphabet / Varnamala core definitions

Exam-oriented “four questions”:

• Smallest unit of language (sound/verbal): Sound
• Smallest written meaningful unit: Word
• Alphabet/letter meaning: individual letters/characters
• Alphabet as a concept:
  • compared to a garland
  • letters/characters arranged orderly like pearls on a thread
  • A systematic group of characters = alphabet

Additional notes:

• Hindi letters count (as stated):
  • “In 2024 by the Central Hindi Committee, the 53rd character added.”
  • Students taught how to answer if options show 52/53.

Types/classification of vowels

• Tone (स्वर) definition:
  • Vowels are pronounced freely (without obstruction), described as independent sounds.
• Total vowels taught:
  • 11 vowels
• Matra count taught:
  • 10 matras (because “small ‘aa’” is stated as not present/quantity differs as described)
• Vowel types by quantity:
  • Short + Long + Pluta (triple-time)
    • Short vowels: 4 (as listed: small a-like, i, u, ṛ—per subtitles)
    • Long vowels:
      • counts vary depending on how asked
      • subtitles distinguish “original long vs formed long,” mentioning:
        • 3 predominant long vowels (as taught)
        • “7” long vowels if asked as the full set (as explained)
    • Pluta vowel:
      • called Pluta and also Trimatrya (as stated)

Diphthong / combined vowels

• Diphthong meaning:
  • Combination of two different vowels forming a new vowel sound.
• Diphthongs taught (count mentioned as 4) with examples:
  • ā + i → ai
  • ā + e → ay/e-like (subtitles indicate ऐ/AI)
  • ā + o → o-like
  • ā + oo → au
• Related concepts mentioned:
  • Homogeneous (similar-tone) vowels
  • Ayogavaha:
    • defined as something neither vowel nor consonant, yet occurs in use
    • number taught: 2
    • identified as:
      • Anuswar (ं)
      • Visarga (ः)

Consonant (व्यंजन/वyanjan) overview

• Consonants described as including:
  • Semivowels: y and v
  • Lateral: ल
  • R: described with vibration/rolling, with multiple names given for R
• Categories taught (as described):
  • “Touch consonants”
  • “final consonants”
  • “sound types”
• Counts mentioned:
  • Tangible consonants: 25
  • Final consonants: 4
  • “Total increase to 4” mentioned for some category (as stated)

Phonetic place (प्रयत्न/स्थान) of consonants

• Strong emphasis on place of pronunciation for letters.
• Subtitles list:
  • “rules” and 10 places (as stated)
  • then map specific letters to specific places
• Students repeatedly asked to memorize examples like:
  • ka group throat
  • च class palate
  • ट group teeth
  • प group lips
• Priority rule:
  • If two possible places appear in options, priority should be chosen
  • An example is explained involving nasal/combined classification.

Practical exam strategy + testing

• Repeatedly urges students to:
  • Write tests after/alongside the class
  • Give feedback via comments
  • Take the alphabet test:
    • Live at 9:00 am
    • 40–45 minutes objective test
  • Mentions an additional English Medium test also at 9:00 am

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Methodology / instruction list (as presented)

During the class

• Watch the entire class without skipping.
• Maintain confidence and aim for topper status.
• Keep reading and writing alongside the teacher.

Note-taking method

• Sit with copy + pen.
• Start notes from the first page.
• Use a spiral notebook and maintain 150–200 pages (as mentioned).
• Write neat grammar notes for performance in future exams.
• Treat teacher notes as a “grammar book.”

Memorization approach

Learn through:

• Sequence (development orders: languages, scripts)
• Counts (vowels, matras, stages, number of conferences)
• Exam-ready definitions (e.g., smallest unit of language, script definition, diphthong meaning)

Use of practice tests

• Take the “alphabet” objective test (40–45 minutes) after reading initial parts.
• After the test:
  • Comment on correct/wrong answers
  • Verify against the teacher’s later checking
• Encourage repeated testing through the year on the same channels.

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Speakers / sources featured

1. Dinesh Shashwat (main teacher/speaker; also referred to as “Guruji”)
2. Kishan Sir, Nishant Sir, Aman Biology Sir, Ankit, Pankaj Sir, Zahid Sir (mentioned as other instructors for other subjects/languages)
3. Central Hindi Committee (2024) (reference for the 53rd character addition)
4. Indian Constitution / Government of India (implied source regarding 14 Sept 1949)
5. World Hindi Conference (Nagpur, 1975) (reference for 10 Jan)
6. Raja Jaibhatt Singh of Gujarat (reference for Devanagari first usage)