2026 지게차 운전기능사 필기 이론+기출 총정리(4시간40분 연속재생)🔥🔥🔥

Main ideas / lessons conveyed

• Passing the written exam

  • Emphasis on last-minute, high-yield study:
    • Review theory
    • Repeatedly solve past exam questions
  • Focus on memorizing what commonly appears on tests using a pattern like:
    • Concept → keyword → expected answer

• Forklift “written exam” core content (working device + hydraulics + operating concepts)

  • Forklift components are explained through major parts, such as:
    • Mast / tilt / lift cylinders
    • Chain
    • Backrest / counterweight
    • Overhead guard
    • Tilt limits
    • Levers / transmission pedals
  • Hydraulics are taught as the mechanism behind:
    • Lifting
    • Tilting
    • Speed control
  • Many explanations follow a consistent structure:
    • Function / direction / constraints / how it’s tested

• Common auxiliary/work attachments

  • The video lists forklift work attachments and indicates when each is appropriate, such as:
    • Rotating forks / clamps
    • Buckets
    • Side clamps
    • Stabilizers
    • Fork positioners

• Key numerical/definition points

  • Exam-focused definitions and formulas include:
    • Fork raise height terms (e.g., maximum raise height; standard center-of-gravity load concepts)
    • Equipment weight vs. operator weight
    • Axle distance / wheelbase implications
    • Turning radius / radius of gyration definitions
    • Load center concepts (vertical distance from the fork)
  • Hydraulic and engine “limits” are repeatedly stressed as must-memorize.

• Engine theory (diesel)

  • Diesel vs. gasoline ignition
    • Diesel: compression ignition
      • Air compression raises temperature
      • Fuel injected by an injector/nozzle
  • Four-stroke cycle
    • Intake → Compression → Explosion/Power → Exhaust
  • Engine parts and wear/failure causes
    • Cylinder head / gaskets
    • Cylinder wear affecting compression
    • Piston ring / blow-by
    • Piston seizure causes
  • Fuel injection system concepts
    • Injection pump
    • Timing/quantity control
    • Misfire/knock causes
    • Ignition delay
  • Cooling system
    • Water jacket → radiator → thermostat behavior
    • Overheating causes
  • Engine oil
    • Viscosity (SAE concepts)
    • Quality checks
    • Contamination clues:
      • Milky oil = coolant mixed
      • Dark oil = contamination
    • Filtration concepts

• Hydraulics theory

  • Core principles
    • Pascal’s principle (pressure transmission)
    • Flow rate ↔ actuator speed relationship
    • Viscosity effects
    • Cavitation and air entrainment
  • Hydraulic components
    • Actuators: hydraulic motor / hydraulic cylinder
    • Reservoir/tank components:
      • Strainer/filter
      • Drain plug
      • Baffles
      • Accumulator concepts
    • Pump types:
      • Gear / vane / plunger (with comparative notes)
  • Valve categories and symbols
    • Pressure control, directional control, flow control valves
    • Function keywords (e.g., relief/sequence/balance/pressure reducing/check/spool/shuttle/needle)
  • Test/inspection items
    • Troubleshooting abnormal behavior such as:
      • Spooling faults
      • Delayed response
      • Chattering
      • Surge pressure
      • Air mixing
      • Pressure checks

• Electrical basics (battery, motor/generator, regulators, lighting, ECU)

  • Electricity fundamentals
    • Current relation: I = V / R
    • Power relations
    • Effects of current (chemical, magnetic, exothermic)
  • Battery types and behaviors
    • Lead-acid (distilled water replenishment)
    • MF, alkaline
    • Issues like overcharging and sulfation
  • Fleming’s left/right-hand rules
    • Motor vs. generator direction rules
  • Starting system
    • Starter motor operation
    • Tests (no-load vs torque vs resistance)
    • Overrunning clutch concept
  • Alternator vs DC generator
    • Alternator: rotor/stator/diodes/rectifier
    • Regulator role: constant voltage
  • Lighting
    • Headlight system concepts (parallel/series)
    • Bulb differences (sealed beam vs semi-sealed beam)
    • Warning light meaning (charging/oil temperature/ammeter behavior)
  • ECU / self-diagnosis
    • Sensor input processing → electrical output and fault diagnosis

• Power transmission + steering + braking

  • Power transmission
    • Four-stroke → crankshaft → flywheel → clutch → transmission → driveshaft/differential → wheels
    • Friction clutch vs. torque converter
    • Clutch capacity, slip vs. disengagement
    • Automatic transmission: planetary gear sets (sun/ring/planet)
  • Steering
    • Rear-wheel steering principle
    • Ackermann concept
    • Hydraulic steering actuator (double-acting cylinder + linkage such as bell crank/tie rod)
    • Steering play causes: wear/looseness, low steering oil, air in lines
    • Alignment terms: toe-in/out, camber, kingpin inclination, caster angle
  • Braking
    • Hydraulic braking uses Pascal’s principle
    • Check valve concept for pressure retention
    • Notes on vapor lock and brake fade prevention (engine braking/cooling/rest)

• Legal/administrative content (Korean “Construction Machinery Management Act” and Road Traffic Act)

  • Construction machinery
    • Registration/change/cancellation procedures
    • Who applies and timelines (e.g., within 2 months from acquisition)
    • Document types and inheritance rules
    • Reporting within 30 days
    • Electrical inspection validity windows by machine type (e.g., within 30 days of expiry)
    • Structural change inspection scope vs. non-scope cases
    • Penalties: administrative fines/revocations, including fraudulent registration
  • Road Traffic Act
    • Common exam traps:
      • Safe zone, lane/road types, safety distance
      • Emergency vehicle priority rules
      • No-overtake zones (schools, intersections, tunnels, bends, slopes/crests)
      • Signals and intersection priority
      • Parking/no-parking zones
    • Driver license penalty points
      • Example threshold: 121 points within 1 year (as stated in the transcript)

• Safety management (industrial safety + excavation safety + fire safety)

  • Disaster prevention principles
    • Preventable losses and recurrence prevention
    • Unsafe behavior/condition dominance
    • Direct vs. indirect causes
  • First aid & emergency sequence
    • Stop driving first (for accidents)
    • Then rescue
    • Then first aid + prevent secondary infection
  • Excavation safety
    • City gas pipeline protection plate
    • Separation distances, line marking, alarm placement
    • Stop work and contact authorities
  • Electrical hazard
    • High-voltage identification via insulator count
    • Emergency response basics
  • Fire and extinguisher classification
    • Fire class A/B/C/D/K
    • Correct extinguisher agent selection
    • Avoid wrong actions (e.g., “don’t spray water” for certain classes; CO2/powder rules mentioned)
  • Tools and PPE
    • Example hazards (glove danger during drilling/hammering; belt hazards; eye protection)

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Methodology / instruction lists (exam strategy + operational rules)

A) Exam study methodology (high-level)

• Study in bursts
  • Start with theory review
  • Follow immediately with past exam question solving
• Memorize “test-ready” items
  • Component names + functions
  • Valve/system keywords
  • Definitions with exact thresholds/limits
• Use repeated practice
  • The speaker repeatedly encourages solving past questions multiple times and entering the test center prepared.

B) Forklift operating precautions (explicit rules emphasized)

• Hydraulic/transmission pedal use
  • When lifting/tilting:
    • Lightly press the accelerator to feed hydraulic operation
  • When descending:
    • Do not step on the accelerator (control appropriately)
• Fork/cargo positioning
  • Keep the load stable and respect the load center concept (often described as low/near the bottom for stability)
  • Maintain fork gap relative to pallet/container width (described around 1/2 the pallet/container width)
• Observation
  • When operating lift levers:
    • Focus eyes on the fork and load, not on the control lever
• Stability considerations
  • Front-rear stability values and acceptable ranges are repeatedly treated as exam points
  • Chain slack
    • If one side sags, forks tilt left/right
    • After adjusting chain tension, lock with the lock nut/locking mechanism
• Tilt-lock and descent speed limits
  • Tilt-lock valve concept (when tilting)
  • Descent speed must be below a standard (stated as ~60 cm/s or 0.6 m/s)
  • Additional hydraulic settling limit concepts were also mentioned
• Suspension note
  • Forklifts are described as not using spring suspension like some vehicles; cargo-fall risk is given as the rationale
• Engine stop / hydraulic behavior
  • If the engine stalls during tilting:
    • Use valve logic/tilt lock to maintain the operation state
• Parking
  • Stop engine, apply brakes, adjust mast/fork tips to ground contact, tilt appropriately, then remove key

C) Diesel engine and fuel system “test logic”

• Remember the four-stroke order
• For diesel:
  • Intake/exhaust valve behavior in each stroke is required
• Fuel injection timing/quantity affects:
  • Knocking, misfire, output, and exhaust/combustion quality
• Cooling:
  • Thermostat opening/closing explains warm-up and overheating causes
• Lubrication:
  • Oil viscosity affects leakage/efficiency
  • Checks must be performed on level ground after stopping

D) Hydraulic system reasoning patterns (how to answer questions)

• Actuator speed depends on flow rate
  • Less flow → slower motion
• Pressure loss and air entrainment cause:
  • Noise, chattering, cavitation, unstable operation
• Valve logic pattern
  • Pressure control → how much force/pressure
  • Directional control → which direction motion happens
  • Flow control → how fast motion occurs

E) Safety/fire classification instruction (exam-focused)

• Identify fire class (A/B/C/D/K), then:
  • Use the matching extinguisher type
  • Avoid the wrong agent (rules for water/CO2/powder mentioned)
• Use the combustion triangle logic:
  • Fuel + oxygen/air + ignition source → fire
  • Remove one element to stop fire spread

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Speakers / sources featured (identified from transcript)

• “Fighting Honggong TTV” (host/channel referenced as Honggong TV / Fighting Honggong TTV)
• The video author/teacher voice (consistent speaker for explanations)
• Referenced external principles/rules (not separate speakers), including:
  • Pascal’s principle
  • Fleming’s left-hand rule / right-hand rule
  • Ackermann steering concept
  • Diesel engine theory (as named concepts)