소방시설 (1)[산업안전보건교육]

Main ideas & lessons conveyed (firefighting facilities / fire safety equipment)

Firefighting equipment (fire protection facilities) are building systems/technologies that:

• Warn people
• Extinguish fires
• Enable control and rapid response, including early firefighting and public safety measures

Certain fire-safety targets (special buildings/areas) are defined by law and must have appropriate firefighting facilities installed and maintained.

Legal responsibility & enforcement

• The owners/persons responsible for specific fire-safety targets must install and maintain required facilities according to fire safety standards (based on building size, use, and occupancy).
• If they fail, the Head of the Fire Department / Head of the Fire Station may order corrective actions.
• Blocking, disabling, or impairing fire protection facilities (except for inspection/maintenance closures) can lead to criminal penalties, including:
  • Up to imprisonment and large fines, depending on outcomes.

Categorization of firefighting facilities

The content states firefighting facilities are divided into five categories (reflecting the enforcement decree), which then branch into many specific equipment types:

1. Fire extinguishing equipment
2. Alarm equipment
3. Non-firefighting equipment (evacuation/life-safety aids and lighting)
4. Firefighting water supply equipment
5. Firefighting activity equipment (supporting actual response)

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Content structure / methodology

1) Determine what applies to a building (“specific fire safety target”)

• A specific fire safety target is a building/place category that requires fire protection facilities.
• The enforcement decree’s annex lists 30 major categories (as referenced in the subtitles).
• Required facilities depend on:
  • Building size
  • Building use
  • Occupancy / risk
  • Relevant parties (e.g., owners, occupants, managers)

2) Apply the legal rule for installation & maintenance

Under the referenced law:

• The responsible persons must install and maintain firefighting facilities required by Presidential Decree.
• Facilities must follow fire safety standards notified by the Minister (public safety/security ministry).
• Additional details are provided through National Fire Safety Standards (a ministry notification).

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3) Use the five-category framework for equipment

A. Fire extinguishing equipment

Major subtypes highlighted

1) Fire extinguishers (manual / local)

Examples mentioned include:

• Fire extinguishers (including pressure-discharge type)
• Simple aerosol-type extinguishers
• Throwing extinguishers

Key points:

• Classification by capacity (small vs. large)
• Large extinguishers:
  • Must be refilled after a time depending on the extinguishing agent type
  • Equipped with carrying stands/wheels
  • Capacity units mentioned for certain fire classes (A/B etc., as stated)
• Small extinguishers:
  • Minimum capacity described as at least 1 unit (as stated)

2) Automatic fire extinguishing devices / automatic diffusion extinguishers

• Defined as fixed systems that automatically discharge extinguishing agents.
• “Effective installation range” includes design, protected volume, maximum mounting height, and protected area.
• Examples listed:
  • Kitchen automatic extinguishing devices
  • Agent types like gas/powder/solid for protected kitchen/cooking areas

3) Indoor fire hydrant systems

• Targets depend on factors like gross floor area, underground areas, and tunnels.
• System features include:
  • A water source + pressurized supply device
  • Hydrant cabinets, a control center, and piping/switching components
• Coverage concept:
  • Each floor is designed so access is possible within a 25 m radius from the hose connection point (as stated)
• Mentions “five-hydrant” scenarios and cabinet spacing (within 5 meters) for initial firefighting.

4) Sprinkler systems (automatic)

• Triggered when:
  • The sprinkler head is activated by heat/melting/destruction of the sensing part, or
  • A valve opens based on fire detector action
• Purpose:
  • Enable early firefighting when manual hydrants are difficult
• Safety/legal emphasis:
  • Malfunction risk is acknowledged
  • Strong emphasis on penalties for impairing fire facilities

5) Simplified sprinklers

• Used in buildings that require later sprinkler installation but currently lack a water reservoir, such as due to change of use.

6) Fire suppression / water-based extinguishing system variants

The subtitles describe multiple variants under a broader concept and name specific systems, including:

• Molecule spray (water+agent) extinguishing
  • Cooling/suffocating/diluting/emulsifying
  • Primarily for flammable liquids and electrical fires
  • Not used where substances react severely with water or where boil-over risk exists
• Fine-particle spray extinguishing
  • Uses sprinkler heads to spray fine compressed-water particles
  • Optional reinforcing liquids to improve effectiveness
  • Reduces water usage and secondary water damage
• Foam extinguishing systems
  • For flammable liquid fires or where water is ineffective / fire spreading risk exists
  • Works via foam blanket + cooling effect
  • Components include: water source, pressurized supply, foam discharge station, foam tank, mixing device, piping, and detection device
  • Mentions compressed air foam systems introduced since 2016 for stronger, longer-range discharge
• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) extinguishing system
  • Works by suffocation (oxygen reduction) + cooling
  • Discharge characteristics described as penetrating/diffusing with no residue/traces (as stated)
  • Safety measures:
    • Audible evacuation warning before discharge
    • Indicator lights to prevent entry
    • Ventilation afterward to release CO₂ outside
• Halogen compound extinguishing systems
  • Claimed low toxicity vs. CO₂
  • Used where water must be kept away (e.g., central monitoring rooms, computer rooms)
  • Works by inhibiting effects/chain reaction interruption
• “Clean agent” systems
  • Notes that conventional halogens are not produced due to ozone-related issues
  • Alternatives include:
    • Halogen compound clean agents (fluorine/chlorine/bromine/iodine organic-compound based)
    • Borax gas clean agents (helium/neon/argon/nitrogenous gas-based)
  • Pros/cons mentioned:
    • Halogen clean agents: residue-free and flame control, but toxic
    • Inert gas agents: suitable for certain fires but must consider oxygen displacement risk
• Powder extinguishing systems
  • For hazardous water fires or high-pressure electrical equipment
  • Discharges powder using pressure from a gas source
  • Mentions classification by charging state and agent class
• Reinforced fire extinguishing system
  • Uses reinforced extinguishing agent + pressure gas discharge source
  • Automatically detects heat/smoke and discharges automatically

Summary emphasis (A)

• The equipment types range from manual local extinguishers to fully automatic fixed suppression systems with different agent strategies and safety requirements.

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B. Alarm equipment

Major subtypes highlighted

• Alarm systems transmit that a fire has occurred.

Key types mentioned:

1) Standalone alarm detectors

• Independently detect and alarm
• Policy note:
  • Since February 2017, required in detached houses / multi-unit dwellings where detectors aren’t installed
• “In principle installed in each room” (as stated)

2) Emergency alarm systems

• Emergency bells
• Automatic sirens
• Installed in indoor workplaces with 50+ people working (as stated)

3) Fire alarm device for hearing-impaired

• Sends fire signals from automatic detection systems
• Uses flashing visual alarms

4) Automatic fire detection system

Includes:

• Detectors
• Manual signal transmitters
• Receivers
• Display location/activation signals
• Sound and visual alarms

5) Emergency broadcasting system

• Automated/manual voice or emergency announcements via loudspeakers
• Installation targets described as:
  • 3,500㎡ or more gross floor area
  • 11+ floors excluding basements
  • 3+ basement floors

6) Automatic fire alarm / dispatch system

• Works with automatic fire detection to send incident info to firefighters for rapid dispatch
• May also notify persons responsible for the specific fire target

7) Other alarm facilities

• Electrical leakage alarms
• Gas leak alarms
• Integrated monitoring facilities in basements

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C. Non-firefighting equipment (evacuation/life-safety & lighting)

Evacuation facilities

Examples listed include:

• Escape ladders
  • Including automated weight-based descent
• Descent devices:
  • Continuously usable with alternating users
  • Simplified descent devices not continuously usable
• Rescue chute
  • Described as ruler-shaped (with material noted)
• Air safety mat
  • Impact absorption via air inflation concept
• Multi-person evacuation equipment (2+ evacuees simultaneously)
• Non-powered lifting escape ladder
  • Automatic down + self-raise for continuous use
• Four-way ladder
  • Maintains spacing from fire-protected buildings

Life rescue equipment (examples by facility type)

• Tourist hotels (7+ floors including basements):
  • Heat-resistant suits, air respirators, artificial respirators
• Hospitals (5+ floors including basements):
  • Heat-resistant suits, air respirators
• Air respirators for venues such as:
  • Movie theaters (100+ capacity), large stores
  • Underground stations/malls
  • Places equipped with CO₂ extinguishing systems

Exit lights & exit signs

• Exit lights
  • Guide evacuation
  • Powered from normal supply; switch to emergency power during outages
• Types listed include:
  • Exit/entrance exit lights
  • Corridor exit lights (including open passages and ramps/walkways)
  • Stairwell guide lights
  • Seating guide lights in certain venues (entertainment/cultural/sports/religious)

Guide signs

• Escape route signs (exit/entrance used as escape routes)
• Passageway direction guide signs (corridors/stairwells)
• Evacuation guidance lines in a D-shape for dark conditions

Emergency lighting

• Automatically turns on in living rooms and evacuation corridors during power outage caused by fire or other incidents.

Portable emergency lighting

• Carryable lights installed in tactile facilities and other large public/transport spaces (as stated).

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D. Firefighting water supply equipment

Water supply facilities

• Waterworks
• Fire extinguishing tanks
• Reservoirs

(Subtitles also define “firefighting activity facilities” as response/suppression-related equipment.)

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E. Firefighting activity equipment (response-support systems)

Major subtypes

1) Smoke control facilities

• Prevent smoke entering evacuation routes (stairwells/corridors)
• Support safe evacuation and simultaneous firefighting
• Emphasized as critical in modern fires due to toxic gas casualties
• Must link with automatic fire detection for fast activation

2) Connected water supply pipe systems (high-rise response efficiency)

• Reduce delay caused by extending hoses to upper floors
• Enable rapid discharge through dedicated fire brigade pipes + initial discharge from fire pump truck

3) Connected sprinkler system

• For large-scale firefighting in areas such as basements (e.g., 150㎡+ described)
• Addresses limits of indoor hydrant use because smoke/combustion products do not escape easily
• Receives water from external sources (fire trucks) into the sprinkler system (first-floor wall intake), then discharges via sprinkler heads indoors

4) Emergency power outlet system

• Power for connecting firefighting equipment (lighting and devices) during fire
• Installed in buildings with 11+ windows where firefighting access is difficult

5) Wireless communication auxiliary system

• Helps fire brigades communicate in basements
• Uses leak-proof coaxial cable underground, wireless communication components, and connection terminals at ground/disaster prevention centers

6) Combustion prevention equipment (basement fire prevention)

• Prevent fires in underground areas using many dedicated combustion-prevention heads/sprinkler heads on walls (about 1,000 mentioned)

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Criminal / compliance emphasis (included in subtitles)

People responsible for a specific fire-prone building who close/lock/block fire facilities in ways that impede function/performance (except for inspection/maintenance blocking) face criminal penalties.

Penalties mentioned:

• Up to 5 years imprisonment or up to 50 million won fine
• If it results in a person being sent “to a mountain” (auto-captioned; likely severe injury):
  • Up to 7 years imprisonment or up to 70 million won fine
• If it results in death:
  • Up to 10 years imprisonment or up to 100 million won fine

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Speakers / sources featured

• No specific individual’s name (on-camera speaker) is identified in the subtitles.

• Referenced materials are legal/administrative entities and documents, including:

  • Act on the Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Management of Fire Prevention Facilities
  • Enforcement Decree of that Act (annexes cited: Annex 1, Annex 2, and others such as Annex 5)
  • Act on the Installation, Maintenance, and Safety Management of Firefighting Facilities
  • National Fire Safety Standards (Ministry notification)
  • Minister of Public Safety and Security
  • Head of the Fire Department / Head of the Fire Station
  • Fire headquarters / fire station chief (jurisdictional approval/consent context)
  • Mentioned building example: Dongtan complex building fire
  • Mentions of earlier “learners” / quiz prompts, but without named individuals