Relative danger: The hidden risks of DNA testing

Summary

The report examines how at-home DNA tests and publicly accessible genetic databases can uncover family histories, help solve crimes, and expose sensitive information about people who never chose to take a test.

Genetic genealogy can identify people and solve cold cases

Police used distant DNA matches in GEDmatch to trace the Golden State Killer. The technique has since helped solve many other cases.

In Victoria, forensic scientists used genetic genealogy to identify the “Carlton man” as Kumea Kwiatek, a Polish Holocaust survivor who came to Australia after the war and later died homeless. His identification helped bring recognition to his life and family history.

In another case, a New Zealand family learned through a DNA match that an unidentified man found dead in Queensland was their relative. His identity and life story, however, remain unknown.

DNA tests can change what people know about their families

Penny Mackison, who had been adopted, discovered that the woman recorded as her birth mother was not biologically related to her. A hospital records mix-up had separated Penny from her Greek birth family. DNA testing eventually reunited them and helped her restore her birth name.

Victoria Hill learned she was donor-conceived and that fertility specialist Burton Caldwell was her biological father. She now knows of 30 half-siblings and discovered that one of them had been her high-school boyfriend.

Unexpected discoveries can be difficult

Researcher Dr. Jenny Conrick says outcomes vary. Some people find meaningful connections, while others experience shock, grief, or disappointment. Contacting newly discovered relatives can also reveal family secrets to people who may not be ready to hear them.

Genetic data can affect people who never took a test

Because relatives share DNA, one person’s upload can help identify family members who never consented to testing. Law professor Nila Bala warns that genetic information is effectively permanent and could be misused, including for discrimination.

The report also describes a lawsuit alleging that Meta Pixel collected information about users’ activity on GEDmatch. Meta denied wanting or permitting advertisers to share sensitive information through its tools. GEDmatch and FamilyTreeDNA allow law-enforcement access under certain conditions, but a relative’s participation can still expose others.

Overall, the report’s message is that DNA testing can bring truth, connection, and justice, but people should consider the possible consequences for themselves and their relatives before sharing their genetic data. Penny says the benefits outweighed the harms for her; Victoria advises people to be prepared for life-changing results.

Presenters and contributors

• Presenters and reporters: Michael Usher; Ashlee Mullany
• Featured contributors: Dr. Dadna Hartman, Dr. Runa Daniel, Margo Calcott, Caroline, Chelsea Rustad, Professor Nila Bala, Penny Mackison (also identified as Penny Zagaroli Mackesson), Chrysoula, Dr. Jenny Conrick, and Victoria Hill