TATANAMA SENYAWA BINER ( ANORGANIK)

Naming Inorganic Binary Compounds

Binary compounds are made from two different elements. Their naming rules depend on whether the elements are metals or nonmetals, and whether a metal can have more than one oxidation state.

1. Metal and nonmetal with a fixed oxidation state

Name the metal first, then name the nonmetal with its ending changed to -ide. Metals with a single common oxidation state do not need a Roman numeral.

Examples of metals with fixed oxidation states include Group 1 metals (+1), Group 2 metals (+2), aluminum (+3), silver (+1), and zinc (+2).

Examples:

• Na₂O — sodium oxide
• MgO — magnesium oxide
• CaS — calcium sulfide
• K₂S — potassium sulfide

2. Metal and nonmetal with variable oxidation states

Name the metal first, followed by the nonmetal ending in -ide. Add a Roman numeral after the metal’s name to indicate its oxidation state.

To determine the metal’s oxidation state, use the nonmetal’s known oxidation state and balance the compound’s total charge to zero.

Examples:

• CuO — copper(II) oxide
• SnO₂ — tin(IV) oxide
• FeO — iron(II) oxide
• Cu₂O — copper(I) oxide
• PbI₂ — lead(II) iodide

3. Nonmetal and nonmetal when only one compound forms

Name the elements in order, changing the second element’s ending to -ide.

Examples:

• HCl — hydrogen chloride
• HBr — hydrogen bromide

4. Nonmetal and nonmetal when multiple compounds can form

Use Greek prefixes to show how many atoms of each element are present. The prefix mono- is usually omitted for the first element, but it is used when needed for the second element. Change the second element’s ending to -ide.

Common prefixes include:

Number of atoms Prefix 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta-

Examples:

• CO — carbon monoxide
• CO₂ — carbon dioxide
• NO — nitrogen monoxide
• NO₂ — nitrogen dioxide
• N₂O₅ — dinitrogen pentoxide

Familiar compound names

Some compounds have familiar names:

• H₂O — water
• NH₃ — ammonia
• NaCl — table salt
• Solid CO₂ — dry ice

Students are encouraged to practise choosing the appropriate naming rule for each combination of elements.

Speaker and source

The lesson is presented by one instructor on the RIA GURUKU channel.