【Ｎ４文法】～までに

～までに: By a Deadline

～までに is an N4 grammar pattern meaning “by” a specified time or deadline. It marks the latest point by which an action must be completed.

Form

• Time expression + までに
• Verb in dictionary form + までに

The action can happen at any point before the deadline, but it must be completed no later than that time.

Examples

• 来週の金曜日までにレポートを提出します。 I will submit the report by next Friday.

• 明日、健康診断を受けます。 I will have a health checkup tomorrow.

• 9時までに食事をしてください。 Please finish eating by 9 p.m.

• 今月末までに借金を返さなければなりません。 I must repay my debt by the end of this month.

• 11時までにここに戻ってきてください。 Please be back here by 11 p.m.

～までに vs. ～まで

• ～までに sets a deadline: the action must be completed by that point.
• ～まで indicates that something continues until that point.

Closing Dialogue

The closing dialogue includes a request to repay borrowed money by the end of the month. The borrower promises to do so, while the other person refuses to lend more money. Some details in the dialogue subtitles are unclear.

Speakers and Sources

A Japanese-language instructor presents the grammar lesson and examples; the instructor is not identified by name in the subtitles. Two unidentified voices appear in the example conversation about borrowing and repaying money.