Video summary

PREDIKSI SOAL TPA MAGANG PT PERTAMINA HULU ROKAN (PHR) 2024 PART 1

Main summary

Key takeaways

Educational

Main Ideas / Lessons Conveyed

  1. Logical statement conversions (implication forms)

    • Converse: If the original statement is “If P then Q”, the converse is “If Q then P”.
    • Implication (related negation form): From “If P then Q”, the implication being tested is treated as the negation structure:
      • “If not Q then not P” (i.e., the contrapositive-like negation relationship is referenced).
    • Inverse: The inverse flips both parts of the conditional by negating them:
      • “If not P then not Q”.

  2. Contrapositive For a conditional statement “If P then Q”, the contrapositive is:

    • “If not Q then not P”

The video applies this to an example: 

  - **Original**: “If all employees wear blue uniforms, then today’s menu is chicken curry.”  
  - **Contrapositive form**: “If today’s menu is **not** chicken curry, then not all employees wear blue uniforms.”

  1. Equivalence via contrapositive The video states that a statement is equivalent to its contrapositive. Example concept shown:

    • “If wearing a pink dress, then not going to a birthday party tonight.”
    • Rewritten using contrapositive/negation reasoning to match the equivalent implication form.

  2. Set/quantifier-based reasoning (drawing conclusions) Several questions rely on interpreting statements like:

    • “All A are B” (universal inclusion)
    • “Some A are B” (existential inclusion)

Example outcomes shown: 

  - When told “all plants have fruit” and “some plants have red flowers”, the conclusion must reflect that “some” does not imply “all”.

  1. Syllogism / group membership chains Interpreting statements of the form:

    • “Every member of A is a member of B”
    • “Every member of B is a member of C”

The video’s conclusion method: 

  - If **A ⊆ B** and **B ⊆ C**, then **A ⊆ C** (“every member of A must be in C”).

It also uses “A and B are the same as C” style equivalence reasoning to select answers.

  1. Combinatorial / logic puzzle (fruits selection by 3 children or groups of people) The video works through a puzzle where children take fruits from available categories/slots.

    • Named children: Ari, Bondan, Cici, Danang, Eki, and Hari
    • Fruits mentioned: kiwi, strawberries, apples, grapes
    • Constraints are based on who took what and who did/did not take certain fruits.

Method: constraint propagation 

  - Determine who took which fruit(s) using clues like “only took X”, “besides X who did not take Y”, and “slots must be filled”.

Methodologies / Instruction-Like Steps (as Presented)

A) How to Transform Conditional Logic

Given a statement: If P then Q

  • Converse → If Q then P
  • Inverse → If not P then not Q
  • Contrapositive → If not Q then not P

To answer multiple-choice questions:

  1. Identify which transformation the question asks (converse/inverse/contrapositive).
  2. Apply the corresponding transformation.
  3. Match the resulting form to the answer option.

B) How to Do “Drawing Conclusions” from Quantified Statements

  • For All A are B:
    • Any member of A must also be a member of B.
  • For Some A are B:
    • At least one member of A is in B.

For multiple premises:

  • Combine inclusion/existence information carefully.
  • Ensure the final conclusion does not overclaim “all” when the premise gives only “some”.

C) How to Solve the Fruit-Logic Puzzle (Constraint Approach)

Use clues such as:

  • “Danang only took strawberries”
  • “Bondan took apples and grapes”
  • “Besides Danang, who did not take apples were Cici and Ari”
  • “Only Bondan and Eki took apples”
  • “Ari took strawberries”

Then deduce remaining assignments by elimination:

  • If someone already has/doesn’t have a fruit, remove it from their possible options.
  • Fill remaining fruit slots consistently until all conditions are satisfied.

Use question-specific retrieval:

  • If asked “Who took apples and grapes?” list the person(s) consistent with those two fruit constraints.
  • If asked “What fruit did Eki take?” infer from “only took X/Y” and elimination.

Speakers / Sources Featured

  • The video narrator/instructor (no specific name given in the subtitles).

Original video