[중3 동아윤 7, 8과문법] 분사 구문 & as & 의미상 주어 개념 정리ㅣ중3 동아윤 7과문법, 8과문법

Main Ideas

The lesson reviews three grammar topics for middle-school English: participial phrases, the uses of as, and the semantic subject of an infinitive. Conditional sentences are mentioned but covered in a separate lesson.

1. Participial Phrases

Participial phrases can shorten a sentence by removing repeated information.

Basic formation

• Start with a subordinate clause introduced by a conjunction, such as when, because, or although.
• If the subordinate clause and the main clause have the same subject, remove the conjunction and repeated subject.
• Change the subordinate verb into a participle:
  • Active: Use the -ing form.
  • Passive: Use being + past participle. Being is often omitted, leaving the past participle.
• Interpret the resulting phrase according to the original relationship between the clauses. It does not always mean “while doing.”

When the subjects differ

• Keep the subordinate clause’s subject in the participial construction. Removing it could lead readers to assume that the main-clause subject applies.
• A conjunction may also be retained when it helps preserve the intended meaning, such as contrast or cause.

Key cautions

• Identify the conjunction, subject, and verb before shortening the clause.
• Check whether the original clause is active or passive before choosing the participle form.
• Use context to determine the meaning. Translating every participial phrase as “while” can produce an awkward or incorrect sentence.
• A participle functions in a modifying phrase, while a gerund functions as a noun.
• More advanced cases involving different timing between actions are not covered in detail.

2. The Conjunction and Preposition As

The main way to distinguish these uses is to check what follows as:

• Conjunction: Followed by a subject and verb. Its meaning depends on context and may express ideas such as time or reason.
• Preposition: Followed by a noun or noun phrase.

The instructor advises using the example sentences supplied by the school to determine the intended meaning.

3. Semantic Subject of an Infinitive

A semantic subject identifies who performs the action of an infinitive. It commonly appears immediately before the infinitive in this pattern:

It + be + adjective + for/of + object-form noun or pronoun + to-infinitive

Here, it is a dummy subject, while the infinitive is the real subject of the sentence. The phrase with for or of specifies who is connected to the infinitive’s action.

Choosing for or of

• Use for + object form with adjectives describing a general circumstance, difficulty, possibility, or importance—for example, It is important for us to…
• Use of + object form with adjectives that judge a person’s character or behavior—for example, It was kind of him to…
• Some adjectives, such as good or nice, can be used with either, depending on the meaning. Decide whether the adjective describes a person’s character or a general quality of a situation or thing.
• Use object forms after the preposition: me, him, her, us, and them.

Scope of the Lesson

The instructor briefly notes that conditional sentences are part of the course but directs students to a separate lesson for that material. This lesson focuses on the topics above.

Speakers and Sources Featured

• Instructor Na is the only identifiable speaker.
• The instructor refers generally to school-exam examples and textbook material; no other identifiable speaker is featured.